Te Uara o te Paura Matotoru o te Silicon Carbide Kakariki i roto i te Hanganga Taputapu Tika
I a ia e hikoi ana ki roto i ngā awheawhe taputapu tino tika, ka rangona te manawa o te tangata, ka kī tonu te hau i te kakara ngoikore o te wai whakamatao. Ko te Ariki tawhito a Li, e titiro pōuri ana, e tirotiro ana i tētahi poraka ine tungsten carbide hou kua hurihia me te karāhe whakanui, me te hameme, "I ēnei rā, kei te piki haere te uaua o tēnei mahi. Kotahi noa te hapa, ahakoa te tekau mano o te whānui o te makawe, ka taea te pakaru i te taputapu katoa!" He pono, ko te ngākau o ngā taputapu tino tika—ngā karāhe whatu, ngā whāriki uku, me ngā tirotiro carbide—he wero nui ia mea: he kirikiri, he pakarukaru, engari he rahinga kei te piki haere ki te tauine nanometer. I taua wā, kei te takaro puku tētahi paura iti matomato kanapa i te tūranga o te "toa i muri i ngā whakaaturanga"—he paura iti silicon carbide matomato, te "soippel taumata-micrometer" tino nui i roto i te hanga tino tika.
Ehara i te onepu noa te silicon carbide matomato (SiC). He taonga i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi mata pēnei i te onepu quartz me te petroleum coke i roto i te oumu ātete, he pakari tōna hanganga taiao (he pakeke Mohs o te 9.5, tuarua ki te taimana me te cubic boron nitride). Ko te mea whakamiharo ake ko ōna taha karaihe koi rite ki te maripi me ngā āhuatanga matū tino pumau, e āhei ai ki te tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei me te ātete ki ngā pokanoa ki ngā rauemi e tukatukahia ana. I muri i te kuru me te whakarōpūtanga ātaahua, ko ēnei paura moroiti matomato kanapa, he iti noa iho i te torutoru microns, tae noa ki ngā wāhanga o te micron, he rite ki te "kamupene mata moroiti koi" whai mana me te koi i hangaia hei aro atu ki ngā rauemi tino pakeke, tino pakarukaru me te tino tika.
Te aro atu ki te mea uaua: Ko te "hoariri" o te carbide me te uku
He maha ngā taputapu tapahi kāpira, ngā nohoanga whāriki uku, me ngā mowhiti hiri kāpira silicon i roto i ngā taputapu tino tika. He tino mārō ēnei rauemi, ā, he uaua ki ngā mea whakakoi noa te uru ki roto, ka iti te pai o te mahi, ā, he ngāwari ki te pakaru me te ngatata. Nā te taenga mai o te paura iti kāpira silicon matomato ka huri tonu te āhua. "I mua, i huri au i ngā pito o te taputapu kāpira me te tino tupato, pērā i te whakairo, ā, he maha ngā wā ka pakaru ngā taha," te kī a Xiao Wang, e whakahaere ana i tētahi mīhini huri mata tino tika. "Mai i te whakamahinga o tētahi wai huri i hangaia ki te paura iti kāpira silicon matomato, kua nui ake tōku māia! He tere ake te tere whāngai, he 'pakari' ake te kaha huri, ā, he mea nui, he pai ake te āhua o te taha, me te iti ake o te pakaru." Ko te mea ngaro kei muri i tēnei kei roto i te mārō tino teitei me ngā taha koi o te paura iti kāpira silicon matomato, e "tapahi" ma ana i roto i te rauemi, kaua e kuru ki te kaha nanakia. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei te kino ki ngā wahi mahi pakarukaru, ā, ka tino whakanuia te pai o te tukatuka.
Te Whakairo i te "Ngākau Karāhe": Ngā Kaihanga Matatau o ngā Pūrere Whatu me ngā Pūrere Ārahi-Haumaru
Ko ngā kanohi o ngā taputapu tino tika—ngā karāhe whatu me ngā porotiti, tae atu ki ngā papa haurua-ira me ngā maramara pūoko MEMS—e hiahia ana kia maeneene ngā mata pērā i te kiri pēpi (he maha ngā wā ka eke te taratara Ra ki te taumata nanometer), kāore he wāhi mō ngā karawarawa, ngā kino rānei o raro i te mata. Ka huri te paura iti karāhe silicon carbide matomato hei tohunga whakakanapa ngāwari. I ngā wā whakakanapa me te whakakanapa, ka whakamahia te paura iti karāhe silicon carbide matomato me te rahi matūriki pai ake (W-grade, pai ake rānei) ka whakairihia ki roto i te wai whakakanapa motuhake. "Mō ngā oscillator karaihe quartz, mō ngā mata whatu tika rānei, he pai ake te mahi a te whakakanapa o te paura karāhe silicon carbide matomato i ētahi rauemi utu nui ake," te kī a tētahi tohunga toi e rua tekau tau te wheako i roto i tētahi awheawhe whatu. "Ka tukuna he kaha huri pumau, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga o ngā matūriki ōrite ki te kohikohi me te karawarawa i te mata. Kāore te mata kua whakakanapahia e kanapa, ā, he papaku te paparanga kino o raro i te mata, he mea nui mō te tuku whatu me te pumau mō te wā roa o ngā wāhanga whatu!" Ko te koretake o te matū o te karāhe silicon carbide matomato ka whakarite hoki kia kore te tukanga whakakanapa e whakauru mai i ngā poke me te poke, kia mau ai te parakore o te wāhanga whakamutunga.
Te Hanga Tika: Te "Maripi Whakairo" mō ngā Wāhanga Iti Matatini
Kei roto i ngā taputapu tino tika ngā momo wāhanga moroiti āhua rerekē katoa: ngā ārai uku āhua koretake, ngā awaawa i roto i ngā maramara moroiti wai, me ngā taputapu moroiti i hangaia ki te karawiti sima. He kuiti, he uaua hoki ēnei wāhi, ā, kāore e taea te toro atu ki ngā taputapu tuku iho. Ko te paura moroiti karawiti silicon matomato, me te hangarau miihini tino tika, ka noho hei taputapu kaha mō te "whakairo moroiti." Hei tauira, ko te tāpiri i te paura karawiti silicon matomato kikokore ki te wai huri mō te huri jig tino tika, te tapahi waea rānei ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te huri me te tika o te āhua mō ngā rauemi tino mārō. "Ko te hanga i taua kōhao moroiti angiangi i roto i te pūwero karawiti he huri mārire ki te whakapiri huri kua whakaranua ki te paura karawiti silicon matomato, me te pane huri taimana angiangi rite ki te ngira," te kī a Zhao, e tirotiro ana i te tiaki pokepokea tino tika. "Ka hangaia he pakitara kōhao tika, maeneene hoki, me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga rite tonu i roto i ngā maikiromita. Kāore te whakamahi i ētahi atu paura e puta ai he hua tino tika." I roto i te miihini āwhina-ultrasonic, he hoa pai te paura silicon carbide matomato mō ngā wiri auau-tiketike, e āhei ai te keri tika, te tapahi, me te tukatuka kōtaha pai o ngā rauemi mārō me ngā rauemi pakarukaru.
Te Whakamahi Pai i tēnei "Maripi Micron": Ngā Wheako mai i te Awheawhe
I te mea ka iti haere, ka mātau ake, ka nui ake te mahi a ngā taputapu tika, ka tino kaha ake ngā whakaritenga tika mō ngā wāhanga matua. Kei te whakapai tonu hoki te hangarau paura silicon carbide matomato. Ko ngā paura iti he whāiti ake te rahi o ngā matūriki, he pai ake ngā matūriki (nanoscale), me ngā āhua ka taea te whakahaere (pēnei i te porowhita wāhanga hei whakaiti i te rakuraku) he wāhi rangahau me te whanaketanga wera. Kei te whai tonu hoki ngā miihini ki te whakauru pai ake i ngā paura silicon carbide matomato ki roto i ngā waeine tukatuka aunoa me te mohio (pēnei i ngā teihana whakakanapa karetao me ngā pūnaha huri urutau me te aroturuki ipurangi) kia tutuki ai te hanga tika pumau me te whai hua. I roto i ngā awheawhe tika o te heke mai, kāore e kore ka koi ake, ka mohio ake tēnei "soiper taumata-micrometer".