Ngā Whakaritenga Āhua Hauora mō te Kōrunuma Mā i roto i ngā Taputapu Tukatuka Kai
I te rima karaka i te ata, ka hamama te Kaiwhakahaere Li o te whare hanga kēne i a ia e pana ana i te tatau o te awheawhe, ka pā mai te haunga kaha o te patu huakita ozone ki a ia. Pērā i ngā tikanga, ka hikoi atu ia ki te mīhini wai porowhita hou kua tāutahia, ko ōna matimati e parai ana i te roto o te maitai kore waikura, he maeneene pērā i te whakaata. "E Wang Tawhito, he rawe tēnei mea whakakoi hou! He pai ake i te puranga whakamutunga. Kāore he kōhao kotahi ki te pā!" ka menemene te Kaiwhakahaere Wang Tawhito. "He pono, ko ngā awaawa i hangaia e tēnei 'paura hapaira ma' ka maeneene te toenga hua pērā i te raka. He iti ake ngā kokonga paru!" Ko tēnei "paura hapaira ma" whakaitiiti e kōrerohia ana e rātou ko te rauemi matua e pupuri ana i te oranga akuaku o ngā taputapu tukatuka kai: he kai-koungakōrunuma mā.
I roto i te ao tukatuka kai, he mea tino nui te "akuaku". Ahakoa te karawarawa iti, te pakaru rānei i te mata o ngā taputapu, ka taea te noho hei wāhi whakatipu huakita, tae atu ki te pupuri i ngā para whakarewa, ka poke ai te hua. Ko te paura iti korundum mā te kai te "patu pakari" hei wikitoria i tēnei wero. He mea hanga mai i te alumina parakore teitei (Al₂O₃ ≥ 99.5%), ka whakarewaina i roto i te oumu hiko, ka whakamataohia, ka whakakōkīhia, kātahi ka kuruhia, ka whakarōpūtia. E whakamanamana ana ki te pakeketanga Mohs tae atu ki te 9. Heoi, ko ngā whakaritenga mō te kai ehara i te "pakeke" anake; e whakanui ana hoki i te "parakore" me te "ma."
Ko te parakore te pūtake o te haumaru kai. Tērā pea ka mau tonu i te korundum mā ahumahi noa ngā poke whakarewa pēnei i te rino me te chromium. I roto i te ahumahi tukatuka kai, ahakoa he wāhanga iti noa iho o te kotahi wāhanga ia miriona, ka taea te kino. E mahara ana ahau ki tētahi wheketere wai o te rohe i ngā tau e toru ki muri i pāngia e tētahi aituā i kitea ai he nui rawa ngā konganuku taumaha i roto i āna hua. Ko te pūtake ko te whakamahinga o ngā mea whakakoi kei roto he rino i te wā e whakakanapahia ana. I uru ēnei matūriki konganuku ki ngā hononga whakarewa, ā, i muri mai ka rewa i te wai waikawa i roto i te wā. Ka whakakorea e te korundum mā kai-kai ēnei mōrearea mai i te pūtake: ngā rauemi mata kua whiriwhiria marietia, kāore he poke i te taiao whakarewa, ā, ka whakamatautauria te hua kua oti ki te ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) hei whakarite kia noho tonu te ihirangi konganuku taumaha i raro i ngā rohe pakari i whakatakotoria e te paerewa ā-motu GB 4806.9-2016, "Ngā Rauemi me ngā Taonga Konganuku i Hangaia mō te Pa ki te Kai." E ai ki ngā kupu a Lao Zhang o te Tari Tirotiro Kounga, "He tino parakore tēnei paura, he rite ki te whakamahi hei matawai haumarutanga mō ngā taputapu. Me 'ma' koe i te tuatahi!"
Ko te āhua o te matūriki te mea e whakatau ana i te oranga tonutanga o ngā ira matapo akuaku. Ehara te whakakanapa i ngā taputapu kai i te mea kia "kanapa ake" kia pai ake; ko te mea nui ko te hanga i tētahi mata kāore he paru. Whakaarohia he tāke whakaranu maitai kore waikura. Ka whakakanapahia ki ngā mea whakakoi noa me ngā taha koi, ka āhua kanapa, engari i raro i te karu hiko, kua kī tonu i ngā "awaawa" moroiti - he piringa tūturu mō ngā huakita me ngā toenga. Ka whakamahia e te paura moroiti kōrunuma mā te kai he tukanga hanga motuhake hei hanga i ngā matūriki tata porowhita. E ai ki tā Lao Wang, "I whakamahia e au he paura waitohu kē, ā, i muri i te whakakanapa he rite te taputapu ki te karāhe hukapapa - he maeneene ki te pā, engari he ki tonu i ngā rua iti i te tirotiro tata atu. Inaianei, me tēnei paura porowhita, he rite ki te whakaata tūturu! Horoia ki te wai, ā, kāore he mea e piri ki te mata." Ka hurihia ōrite ngā matūriki porowhita i te wā e whakakanapahia ana, kaua e tapahia, ka whakaitihia ngā kapiti moroiti me ngā rua, ka tino "ngāwari ki te horoi me te kore toenga" te mata o te taputapu.
Mā te maimoatanga mata ka hanga he parenga moroiti. Mā te pāmahana me te haumākū tiketike o ngā whare hanga kai ka hangaia he piringa mō te tipu o ngā moroiti. Ahakoa he pumau te paura korundum ma noa, ka taea te waiho hei puna poke mena ka mimiti i te makuku, i ngā poke rauropi rānei. Me whai maimoatanga motuhake ngā hua kai-kai mō te whakakorenga me te hiri i ngā pore: ka whakakorea e te whakapūkara pāmahana teitei ngā wāhi hohe o te mata, ā, ka pania ngā matūriki ki te paninga silane kai-kai. Ehara i te mea ka ārai noa tēnei "paninga tiaki" i te mimiti o ngā poke taiao, engari ka whakarite hoki i te horapa ōrite me te pumau i roto i te paru whakakanapa. I kōrero tētahi miihini i tētahi wheketere miraka, "I muri i te huri ki te mea kua tukinotiapaura kōrunuma mā", kua piki ake te reiti paahitia mō ngā tirotiro moroiti i muri i te horoinga o ngā taputapu mā te 30%. He rite ki te pania he paparanga 'ware pi' ki te mata o ngā taputapu, hei ārai i te paru kei noho tonu!"
Te hangarau tukatuka me te tukanga akuaku tino pakari. Ko te whakamahinga o te korundum mā i roto i ngā taputapu kai he nui atu i te tukanga horoi puehu me te whakakanapa noa iho. Mai i te whakakanapa i ngā whakarewa i roto i ngā tāke whakaranu ki ngā pokepoke tiakarete whakaata-whakaoti, me piri ki ngā paerewa akuaku "kore puehu, kore hinu, me te whai". Me mahi te whakakanapa i roto i te wāhi ma, motuhake mā te whakamahi i te hinu whakamātao kai (te nuinga he wai whakakore iona, he hinu huawhenua kua whakapaia rānei) hei ārai i te poke o te hinu kohuke. I muri i te whakakanapa, ka uru te taputapu ki tētahi tukanga horoi maha-wāhanga: te tango hinu kawakore, te whakakore waikawa, ā, i te mutunga ka horoia te wai parakore kia tae ra ano te kawe hiko ki te taumata kua tohua. He rite te tukanga katoa ki tētahi tikanga pokanga, kua tuhia ia taahiraa. Kotahi te kaihanga kai tio e kaweake ana ki te EU e whakahau ana i tētahi taumata horoi hau Akomanga 100,000 i roto i te awheawhe whakakanapa—he tino "kanikani" tēnei paura korundum mā i roto i tētahi rūma parakore.
I te tirohanga whakamua, ka piki haere te kaha o ngā whakaritenga akuaku me te haumaru o te umanga kai. Ka noho te aroturuki atamai, ipurangi hei momo auaha. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā para whakakanapa kōrundum mā me ngā pūoko whakauru te aroturuki i te pH, te kukū matūriki, me te ihirangi poke i te wā tonu; ā, ka taea te whakawhanake i te kōrundum mā kua whakarerekētia ki ngā paninga patu huakita hei hoatu i ngā āhuatanga patu huakita ki ngā mata taputapu i te wā e whakakanapahia ana. I kī te tohunga rauemi a Tākuta Wu, "Ko te whanaketanga o te kōrundum mā kai-kai he pakanga moroiti ki te poke moroiti me te hekenga matū. Ehara i te mea he mea whakakoi noa iho; koia te arai tinana tuatahi ki te haumaru kai."
Ina kanapa ōrite te oko rino kore waikura i raro i te mārama, ina puta te tiakarete mai i tana pokepoke me te āhua whakaata tino pai, ina horoia te raina whakakī wai ki te pēhanga teitei, ā, kāore e kitea he toenga moroiti—kei muri i a ia katoa ko te paura moroiti kōrunuma ma, e pupuri puku ana i tana kupu whakaari mō te "pakeke, te parakore, me te ma." Kāore i te kanapa whakamiharo, engari me tōna kaha pumau me tōna āhua parakore, ka hangaia he taiepa parepare e kore e kitea i te wāhi nui e tūtaki ai te mīhini ki te kai, e tiaki ana i te haumaru o ō tātou arero.
I te ao tukatuka kai, ko ngā paerewa akuaku tino pakari ka tīmata i te taumata maeneene e kore e kitea, e kore e kitea.