I pau katoa te mahi a te koroua a Zhang i te Whare Wānanga Rauemi Ātea. I mua i tana reti, ko tana mahi tino pai ko te kawe i ana akonga ki te whare putunga ki te kimi rauemi. I wetekina e ia tētahi peere kirihou mā, he iti noa iho, ka kohia ake he pūnetēpu paura mā, he kirimi, me te pūnetēpu whakamātautau, ā, ka ata whiua ki raro i te mārama. Ka tau mārire te puehu ki roto i te hihi o te mārama, ka kanapa mārie. "Kaua e whakaititia tēnei paura mā," te kī tonu a te koroua a Zhang, me te whakapiko i ōna kanohi. "Mēnā ka taea e ngā waka rererangi me ngā rōkete e hangaia ana e tātou te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, i ētahi wā ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaha o tēnei 'paraoa'."
Ko te "paura mā" i kōrerotia e ia kopaura konumoheHe ahua noa iho—kāore ianei i te mea he mea whakamahine noa iho i te bauxite? Engari he rerekē rawa te paura alumina e whakamahia ana i roto i te rererangi i te alumina noa o te taumata ahumahi. Ko tōna parakore e tata ana ki te whā iwa i muri i te ira tekau; ka inehia te rahi o tōna matūriki ki ngā nanometer me ngā micrometer; ko tōna āhua—ahakoa he porowhita, he maramara, he ngira rānei—ka ata whakaarohia katoatia. E ai ki ngā kupu a Lao Zhang, "Koinei te kai pai e 'tāpiri ana i te konupūmā' mō ngā taputapu taumaha o te motu."
Mō ngā mahi ka taea e tēnei mea te mahi i roto i te ao rererangi, he tini ngā whakamahinga. Me tīmata tātou ki te mea tino "pakari"—e hoatu ana ki ngā waka rererangi te "pūeru". He aha ngā mea tino wehi o ngā mea katoa e rere ana i te rangi, ahakoa he waka rererangi ā-iwi, he waka rererangi whawhai hōia rānei? Ngā pāmahana tino teitei me te pakaru me te pakaru. Ka huri ngā mata o te mīhini i ngā tere teitei i roto i ngā hau putanga i ngā mano nekehanga Celsius; kua ngawari, kua rewa hoki ngā konganuku noa i mua. Me aha? I puta mai i ngā miihini he otinga tino pai: te paninga i te mata o te mata ki te paninga uku motuhake. Ko te rauemi hanganga matua o tēnei paninga he paura alumina.
He aha i whiriwhiria ai? Tuatahi, he ātete ki te wera, me te ine rewa neke atu i te 2000 nekehanga Celsius, ka waiho hei "kākahu whakamahana" tino pai. Tuarua, he pakeke, he ātete ki te kakahu, e tiaki ana i ngā mata mai i te mimiti o ngā matūriki puehu i te rere tere. He pai ake, mā te whakarerekē i te rahi o te matūriki o te paura alumina me te tāpiri i ētahi atu huānga, ka taea te whakahaere i te porosity, te pakari, me te piri ki te papa whakarewa o te paninga. E ai ki te kōrero a tētahi kaimahi awheawhe tawhito, "He rite ki te paninga i tētahi paparanga o te pare rā uku kounga teitei ki ngā mata o te tāpine - he ātete ki te rā, he ātete hoki ki te rakuraku." He aha te hiranga o tēnei "pare rā"? Ka taea e ngā mata o te tāpine te mahi i ngā pāmahana teitei ake, ā, mō ia tekau nekehanga ka piki ake te pāmahana o te miihini, ka nui ake te pana, ka heke te whakapaunga wahie. Mō ngā waka rererangi e rere ana i ngā tekau mano kiromita, he tino nui te penapena wahie me te whakapainga mahi. Mena ko te paninga ārai wera te "tono o waho," ko te mahi a te paura alumina i roto i ngā rauemi hiato ko te "tāpiritanga o roto."
He nui te whakamahinga a ngā waka rererangi hou, ngā amiorangi, me ngā rōkete i ngā rauemi hiato hei whakaiti i te taumaha. Heoi, he ngoikoretanga tō ēnei rauemi hiato kei roto i te kapia—kāore e ātete ki te kakahu, he ngawari ki ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, kāore i te rawaka te pakeke. Kua whakauruhia e ngā kaipūtaiao rauemi mohio te paura alumina, inā koa te rahi nano.paura konumohe, kia ōrite ki roto i te kapia, pērā i te pokepoke paraoa. He pānga whakamiharo tēnei whakaurunga: ka tino pai ake te pakeke o te rauemi, te ātete ki te kakahu, te ātete ki te wera, tae atu ki te pumau o ngā āhuatanga.
Hei tauira, ka whakamahia tēnei rauemi hiato kua whakakahangia ki te alumina i roto i ngā papa o te kāpini waka rererangi, ētahi wāhanga o roto, tae atu ki ētahi wāhanga hanganga kāore e mau ana i te kawenga. Ehara i te mea ka māmā ake, ka kaha ake hoki, engari ka ārai hoki i te hau, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru. He nui hoki te kawenga o tēnei rauemi ki te tautoko i ngā amiorangi, e hiahia ana kia iti rawa te huringa o te rahi i raro i ngā huringa pāmahana tino kino. He rite ki te "wero" i te angaanga ki roto i te kirihou ngāwari, ka hoatu he kaha me te ngāwari.
He "pūkenga huna" anō tō te paura alumina, he mea nui i roto i te ao rererangi—he rauemi pai rawa atu mō te ārai wera me te ātete ki te mimiti.
Ina hoki mai te waka mokowhiti ki te āhuarangi mai i te wāhi, he rite ki te taka ki roto i te oumu plasma o ngā mano nekehanga. Me whai paparanga ātete wera te anga o waho o te kāpūru whakahokinga mai e "patua ana i a ia anō mō te pai whānui." He mahi nui tā te paura alumina i roto i te hanganga o ngā rauemi ātete wera maha. Ina honoa ki ētahi atu rauemi, ka hangaia he paparanga uku mārō, pūwero, me te tino ārai i runga i te mata. Ka mimiti haere tēnei paparanga i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka kawe atu i te wera me te pupuri i te pāmahana o te kāpene i roto i te awhe oranga mō ngā kairangi mā roto i tana ake kai. "I ia wā ka kite ahau i te kāpūru whakahoki e tau angitu ana, ā, kua mangu te paparanga o waho o te rauemi ātete wera, ka whakaaro ahau ki aua tauira alumina i whakatikatikaina e mātou," te kī a tētahi miihini matua e whakahaere ana i ngā rauemi ātete wera. "I tahuna, engari i tino tutuki tana kaupapa."
I tua atu i ēnei tono "mua-atamira",paura konumohehe mea nui anō hoki "i muri i ngā whakaaturanga." Hei tauira, i roto i te hanga i ngā wāhanga tino tika mō ngā waka rererangi me ngā rōkete, me whakakorikori te maha o ngā koranu kaha-teitei. I te wā e whakakorikori ana, me tautoko ngā wāhanga whakarewa paura i roto i te oumu pāmahana-teitei mā te whakamahi i ngā "shim" motuhake, i ngā "pereti ahi" rānei. Me ātete ēnei pereti ki te wera, kaua e whakapēke, kaua hoki e piri ki te hua. Ko ngā pereti ahi i hangaia ki te uku alumina tino-parakore te mea tino pai. Hei tāpiri, i roto i ngā tukanga huri me te whakakanapa o ētahi wāhanga tino-tika, he mea haumaru, he mea whai hua hoki te paura iti alumina tino-parakore.
Ae, kāore e taea te whakamahi noa i tētahi rauemi whai hua pēnei. He rawaka te parakore? He ōrite te tohatoha o te rahi o te matūriki? He rite te kohikohinga? He pai te horapa? Ka pāngia te mahi a te hua whakamutunga e ia tohu. I roto i te ao rererangi, ahakoa te hapa iti rawa ka arahi pea ki ngā hua kino. Nō reira, mai i te whiriwhiri rauemi mata me te whakarerekētanga tukatuka ki ngā tikanga tono, kei raro ia taahiraa i ngā paerewa whakahaere pakari, tata tonu ki te tono uaua.
I a koe e tū ana i roto i tētahi wheketere hanga waka rererangi hou, e titiro atu ana ki te tinana rererangi maeneene e kanapa ana i raro i ngā rama, ka kite koe ko tēnei pūnaha matatini e rere ana i te rangi he hua nō ngā rauemi noa, pērā i te paura alumina, e mahi ana i tana mahi ki tōna kaha katoa. Kāore e hanga i te anga matua, engari e whakakaha ana i te hanganga; kāore e whakarato i te mana nui, engari e tiaki ana i te pūtake o te pūnaha whakatere; kāore e whakatau tika i te huarahi, engari e whakarite ana i te haumaru rere.
Mai i ngā paninga ātete pāmahana teitei ki ngā rauemi hiato kua whakapakaritia, tae atu ki ngā paparanga ātete wera e tuku ana i a ia anō, ko te tono opaura konumoheKei te haere tonu te whanaketanga o te ao rererangi ki te mārama ake, ki te kaha ake, me te ātete ake ki ngā taiao tino kino. I te heke mai, me te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi alumina he parakore ake me ngā āhua ahurei ake (pēnei i ngā waea nano me ngā pepa nano), tera pea ka whai wāhi nui ki te whakahaere wera, te whakamarara wera o ngā taputapu hiko, tae atu ki te hanga i roto i te wāhi i te wāhi.
He pūngao nui kei roto i tēnei paura mā, he puku, he pumau, e tautoko ana i te tūhuratanga a te tangata i ngā rangi. E whakamahara ana i a tātou i te haerenga ki ngā whetū, ehara i te mea ko ngā kitenga nunui me te kaha e piki ake ana te hiahia, engari ko ēnei "parirau kore e kitea" puku, pumau hoki e whakanui ana i te mahi a ngā rauemi taketake. A te wā e titiro ake ai koe ki tētahi waka rererangi e rere ana i runga ake, e mātakitaki ana rānei i te whakaaturanga whakamiharo o te whakarewatanga o tētahi rōkete, tera pea ka mahara koe kei roto i taua tinana o te maitai me ngā rauemi hiato, he "wairua mā", e tiaki puku ana i te haumaru me te hiranga o ia rerenga.