Te Tukanga Whakarite me ngā Tūmanako Tono mō te Paura Maikoro Alumina Whakakotahi Ma
He tokomaha pea ka kitea te ingoa "paura moroiti alumina kua hanumi mā"he mea tauhou i te rongonga tuatahi. Heoi, ki te kōrero tātou mō te huri i ngā taupoki karāhe waea pūkoro, te whakakanapa i ngā peera tika, ngā rauemi takai maramara rānei, ka mōhio te katoa—ko te hanga o ēnei hua katoa e whakawhirinaki ana ki tēnei paura ma te āhua nei kāore i te nui. Kāore tēnei matū i te ngawari pērā i te paraoa; he pakeke teitei, he pumau hoki ōna āhuatanga, e whai ingoa ai ia hei "niho ahumahi" i te ao ahumahi. Ko te whakatutuki i te tukatuka taumata-paura moroiti me whai mahi toi tino tupato.
I. Tukanga Whakarite: Ngā Pūkenga Rau i roto i tētahi Tukanga Ngāwari
Ehara i te mea ko te huri noa i ngā wahi nunui te whakarite i te paura iti o te alumina ma. Pērā i te whakarite i tētahi kai Huaiyang kua oti te whakapai, me whakahaere tika ia taahiraa, mai i te whiriwhiri kai ki te tunu kai. Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te "whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika." Ko te rauemi mata matua mō te whakarite i te alumina ma ko te paura alumina ahumahi, ā, ko te parakore o tēnei paura e whakatau tika ana i te "takenga" o te paura iti. I mua, i whakamahia e ētahi wheketere ngā rauemi mata iti ake te parakore hei penapena moni, ka hua ake he paura iti ake he nui ake ngā poke, ka ngawari te rakuraku i te wā e whakakanapahia ana ngā mahi. Ināianei, kua mātau ake te katoa, ā, he pai ake ki te whakapau moni nui atu ki te hoko alumina tino parakore i te whakangaro i tō rātou ingoa i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei. I te nuinga o te wā, me neke ake i te 99.5% te ihirangi alumina, ā, me tino whakahaere ngā poke pēnei i te rino me te silicon.
Ko te taahiraa tuarua ko te "whakarewa me te whakatioata," te wā "whānau" oalumina kua hanumi mā. Ka makahia te paura alumina ki roto i te oumu hiko, ka piki ake te pāmahana ki runga ake i te 2000℃—he tirohanga tino whakamiharo. Ko tētahi o ngā mea nui o te tukanga whakarewa ko te whakahaere i te tere whakamatao. Ko te whakamatao tere rawa ka hua ake he rahi matūriki tioata kāore i te ōrite; ko te whakamatao puhoi rawa ka pā ki te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga. I whakawhirinaki ngā tohunga mahi toi ki te wheako ki te whakarongo ki te tangi o te hiko me te tirotiro i te tae o te mura i te whakatuwheratanga o te oumu hei aromatawai i te āhua o roto o te oumu. Ahakoa kei te wātea ngā pūnaha aroturuki pāmahana atamai i nāianei, he mea tino nui tonu tēnei wheako "whakaurunga tangata-oumu".
Me "tukituki mārō" ngā poraka karaihe alumina mā kua whakarewaina, he rite te pakeke ki te taimana, mā te whakamahi i te mīhini kuru kauae. I tēnei wā, he rite tonu ngā matūriki ki ngā kirikiri ririki, ehara i te mea he moroiti rawa.
Ko te taahiraa tuatoru, ko te "kuru me te whakatauranga," koinei te uho tūturu o te hangarau, ā, ko te taahiraa tino ngāwari ki te raru.
I ngā tau o mua, he maha ngā wheketere i whakamahi i ngā mira pōro, me te whakawhirinaki ki te pānga o ngā pōro maitai ki te huri i ngā matūriki. Ahakoa he māmā noa iho, he maha ngā raruraru o tēnei tikanga: tuatahi, i ngāwari te whakauru i te paru rino; tuarua, he koretake te āhua o te matūriki, he koki te nuinga; tuatoru, he whānui te tohatoha o te rahi o te matūriki, ko ētahi he tino angiangi, ko ētahi he tino taratara. Kua whakakorea rawatia tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā tono teitei.
I tēnei wā, ko te tikanga matua ko te mira hau. He tino whakamere te kaupapa: ka tere ake ngā matūriki matotoru i te tere o te rere o te hau, ka tukinga, ka mirimiri tetahi ki tetahi, ā, ka pakaru. Ka tū te tukanga katoa i roto i tētahi pūnaha kati, kāore he poke e puta mai ana. He mea nui ake, mā te whakarerekē i te pēhanga rere o te hau me te tere o te kaiwhakarōpū, ka taea te whakahaere tika i te rahi o te matūriki whakamutunga. Ina oti pai te mahi, ka taea te whiwhi matūriki porowhita, tata-porowhita rānei, me te rere pai, kia pai ake ai mō te whakakanapa tika. Heoi, ehara ngā mira hau i te rongoā whakaora. Ka taea e te pakaru o ngā taputapu te arahi ki te poke o te konganuku, ā, ko te tika o te wira kaiwhakarōpū te whakatau i te whānui o te tohatoha rahi matūriki. I toro atu ahau ki tētahi kamupene pai te mahi, ka tirohia ā rātou wira whakarōpū mō te porowhita ia wiki mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tika; ka whakatikahia, ka whakakapia rānei tetahi peka iti. I mea te kaiwhakahaere whakaputa, "He rite ki ngā potae o te motuka; ki te he te taurite hihiri, kāore te motuka e oma pai."
Ko te taahiraa whakamutunga ko te "tango i te paru me te maimoatanga mata." Me horoi te paura kua pakaru ki te waikawa, ki te maimoatanga pāmahana teitei rānei hei tango i te rino kore utu me ngā paru mai i te mata. Mō ētahi whakamahinga motuhake, me whakarerekē hoki te mata—hei tauira, te paninga ki te kaihoko hononga silane kia horapa ōrite ai te paura i roto i ngā kapia, i ngā peita rānei, kia kore ai e kohikohi. I roto i te tukanga katoa, ka kitea e koe mai i te konganuku ki te paura, he pakanga ia taahiraa ki te pakeke, te parakore, me te rahi o te matūriki. Ko ngā pokatata katoa o te tukanga ka whakaatahia i roto i te mahi a te hua.
II. Ngā Huarahi Whakamahinga: He Wāhanga Nui mō ngā Paura Iti
Mena ko te tukanga whakarite he "whakatipu i ngā pūkenga ā-roto," ko te tikanga kei te "haere atu ki te ao" ngā tūmanakohanga tono. Kei te whānui haere te ao mō te paura iti alumina ma kua hanumi.
Ko te taahiraa matua tuatahi ko te tino tikate whakakanapa me te huriKoinei tōna kaha tuku iho, engari kei te piki haere te tono mō ngā whakaritenga. Hei tauira, ko te whakakanapa i te karāhe waea pūkoro, ngā papa hapaira, me ngā papa silicon me whai taratara te mata i te taumata nanometer. Ka whakatakotohia e tēnei he whakaritenga tino kaha mō te paura moroiti alumina ma: me tino ōrite te rahi o te matūriki (me tino whakahaeretia te D50), kia kore he matūriki nui e raru ai; me tino pakeke ngā matūriki engari me tika ngā āhuatanga "whakakoi-ake" - me kaha ki te whakaatu i ngā taha koi hou i te wā e mau ana kia mau tonu ai te kaha whakakanapa tonu; ā, me pai te hototahi ki ngā paru whakakanapa.
Ko te tuatoru o ngā mākete pea ko te whakapakari rauemi hiato. Mā te tāpiri i te paura iti alumina kua whakakīia ki ngā kirihou hangarau, te rapa, ngā rauemi hiato whakarewa rānei ka taea te whakapai ake i te ātete kakahu, te pakeke, me te kawe wera o te rauemi. Hei tauira, kei te tūhuratia tēnei tono e ētahi wāhanga ātete kakahu i roto i ngā miihini motuka me ngā anga o ngā hua hiko teitei. Ko te mea nui i konei ko te raruraru "hononga atanga" - me "hono pūmau" te paura iti me te rauemi matihiko, e whakahoki mai ana i a tātou ki te hiranga o ngā tukanga maimoatanga mata. Ko te tuawhā o ngā huarahi matatau ko ngā rauemi tā 3D. I roto i ngā hangarau tā 3D pēnei i te sintering laser whiriwhiri (SLS), ka taea te whakamahi i te paura iti alumina kua whakakīia ki te kakahu hei wāhanga whakapakari, i konatunatua ki ngā paura whakarewa, ki ngā paura uku rānei, hei tā i ngā wāhanga ātete kakahu me ngā āhua uaua. He wero hou tēnei ki te rere, te kiato papatipu, me te tohatoha rahi matūriki o te paura iti - he mea nui te paparanga paura ōrite hei whakarite i te tika o te tā.
III. Ngā Wero me te Ao o Muri Mai: Ngā Ārai me ngā Huarahi Whakamutunga
Ahakoa he pai ngā tūmanakohanga, he maha tonu ngā wero. Ko te ārai nui rawa atu kei roto i ngā hua papai. Hei tauira, i roto i te paura mariki kua whakakikoruatia ki te alumina kua whakakikoruatia ki te konukōre maramara (CMP), kei te noho tonu ngā hua o te whare i muri i ngā hua papai o Hapani me Tiamana i roto i te pumau o ngā puranga me te whakahaere matūriki nui. I kī mai tētahi kaiwhakahaere hoko i tētahi kamupene rauemi haurua-ira ki ahau, "Ehara i te mea kāore mātou e tautoko i ngā hua o te whare, engari kāore e taea e mātou te tango i te mōrearea. Mena he raruraru kei tētahi puranga, me whakakore pea ngā anga katoa o te raina whakaputa, ka hua ake he mate nui."
He uaua ngā take mō tēnei: Tuatahi, kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ngā taputapu huri me te whakarōpū kounga teitei ki ngā kawemai; kei te whakaroa ā mātou taputapu i te tika me te roa. Tuarua, kāore i te rawaka te tika o te whakahaere tukanga; he maha tonu ngā wā, kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ki ngā wheako o ngā tohunga hangarau mohio, me te kore e tino mōhio ki te whakahaere raraunga me te mohio. Tuatoru, kāore i te rawaka ngā tikanga whakamātautau; hei tauira, ko te tatau tika o ngā matūriki iti iho i te 0.5 maikiromita me te tātari tatauranga tere o te āhua o ia matūriki—ko ēnei taputapu whakamātautau kounga teitei hoki i ahu mai i tāwāhi. Heoi, kāore he take kia tino pouri rawa. He maha ngā kamupene o te rohe kei te whai i tēnei. Kei te mahi tahi ētahi me ngā whare wānanga ki te ako i te tikanga kuru matūriki i roto i te mira hau, me te arotau i ngā tawhā tukanga; kei te haumi nui ētahi ki te hanga raina whakaputa mohio, me te aroturuki i ngā tawhā tukanga matua katoa i runga ipurangi me te whakarerekē aunoa; kei te whakawhanake ētahi i ngā hangarau whakarerekētanga mata hou kia pai ake ai te mahi a te paura maikiro i roto i ngā horopaki tono rerekē.
Ki taku whakaaro ka neke ngā ia whanaketanga ā muri ake nei i ngā huarahi maha: Whakaritenga: Te whakarite i ngā paura moroiti me ngā rahi matūriki rerekē, ngā āhua, me ngā āhuatanga mata e ai ki ngā hiahia motuhake a te kiritaki—kua mutu te wā o te huarahi "kotahi te rahi e pai ana mō te katoa". Te Hanga Maamaa: Te whakatutuki i te arotautanga wā-tūturu o te tukanga whakaputa mā te Ipurangi o ngā Mea, ngā raraunga nui, me te mohio horihori hei whakarite i te pumau o te puranga. Te Hanga Kakariki: Te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me te parahanga, pērā i te arotautanga penapena pūngao i roto i te tukanga kuru me te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i te paura para. Te Auahatanga Taupānga: Te whakawhānui ake i te mahi tahi me ngā kiritaki o raro ki te whakawhanake i ngā tono i roto i ngā mara hou, pērā i te paninga mō ngā wehewehe pākahiko pūngao hou me te tukatuka i ngā tātari uku 5G.
Te kōrero mōalumina kua hanumi māKo te paura moroiti he tirohanga poto o te panonitanga me te whakapai ake i te umanga hanga o Haina. Mai i te "huri me te hoko" ngawari me te mata ki ngā "otinga pūnaha" kua oti te whakapai ake, kua tekau tau te roa o tēnei ara. E whakaatu mai ana tēnei ki a tātou ko te whakataetae pono ehara i te mea kei roto i te pupuri rauemi, engari kei roto i te māramatanga hohonu o ngā rauemi me te mana whakahaere whakamutunga ki ngā tukanga. Ko te whakahaere i te rahi, te āhua, me te parakore o ia paura moroiti, me te arotau i ia tukanga whakaputa, me manawanui, ā, nui atu, me te miharo hohonu.
Ina kore e taea e tā tātou paura ma kua whakakotahitia ki te alumina moroiti te whakakanapa i te karāhe mataaratanga anake, engari ka taea hoki te huri i te maramara; ehara i te mea ka whakapakari i te pereki ātete engari ka tautoko hoki i te hangarau hou, kua neke atu tātou i te "hangahanga" ki te "hangahanga mohio." Ehara i te mea ko te tika o te ahumahi anake te kawenga o tēnei ringa paura ma, engari ko te hohonu me te pakari o te ahumahi rauemi taketake o te motu. He roa te huarahi kei mua, engari he mārama te ahunga—kia teitei ake te whāinga, kia aro ki ngā taipitopito, kia whakatinanahia hoki ngā otinga whai hua.