Te Tūranga o te Alumina Ma i roto i te Whakakanapa i ngā Wāhanga Hiko
I tēnei wā o ngā waea atamai, ngā rorohiko, me ngā momo taputapu atamai, kei te piki haere tonu ngā whakaritenga mahi mō ngā wāhanga hiko. Me tere, me iti, me tino kaha hoki. Kāore pea koe e mōhio ko te whakatutuki i ēnei me whai i tētahi taahiraa iti engari he mea nui - te whakakanapa. Ā, i roto i tēnei mara, kei reira tētahi "toi toi pakari" pukumahi -alumina kua hanumi mā.
I tēnei rā, me hurahia te mea ngaro o tēnei "toi" me te matapaki i tana mahi nui i roto i te ao tika o ngā wāhanga hiko.
I. Te Mōhio ki te Kiripuaki Matua: He aha rawa te Alumina Whakakotahi Ma?
He māmā noa iho, he korundum hangai tino parakore te alumina hanumi mā. Ko tōna wāhanga matua ko te α-alumina (Al₂O₃). Ka taea e koe te whakarite ki ōna tuākana: hei tauira, he nui ake ngā poke o te alumina hanumi parauri, nō reira he parauri tōna tae; ko te alumina hanumi mā, nā te mea he parakore ake ōna rauemi mata, ka puta he tioata mā i muri i te tahunga, me te kakano "ma".
Me pēhea te hanga? Ki te kī māmā noa, he tukanga "whānautanga anō mā te ahi". He kounga teiteipaura konumoheKa rewa, ka whakamatao, ka whakakākanotia anō i roto i te oumu hiko pāmahana teitei neke atu i te 2000 nekehanga Celsius. Hei whakamutunga, ka kuruhia, ka tātarihia kia puta he konganuku alumina kua hanumi mā o ngā rahi matūriki rerekē.
Kaua e whakaititia tēnei tukanga; he maha ngā āhuatanga matua o te alumina ma kua hanumi, ā, he mea tino pai tēnei mō te whakakanapa i ngā wāhanga hiko:
He tino pakari, he tino "pakari": Ko tōna pakari Mohs he 9.0 te teitei, ko te tuarua anake ki te taimana me te silicon carbide. Ko te tikanga he tino māmā te tapahi me te huri i ētahi atu rauemi, ā, kāore e ngāwari te memeha.
Te pakari āhua, te taurite o te pakeke me te ngāwari: Kāore e ranea te pakeke noa; he pakarukaru rawa, pērā i ngā maramara karāhe, ka pakaru i te pā noa iho, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi. He pakari teitei, he pakari pai hoki te alumina mā. I raro i te pēhanga, ka pakaru pea ki te taumata āhua, ka puta he taha koi hou, kaua e huri hei paura—ka kiia tēnei ko te "whakakoi-ā-ia-anō." He rite tēnei ki te maripi whakairo iti e whakaora-ā-ia-anō ana, e mau tonu ana tōna koi.
Nā tōna tino pumau matū ka tino "marie": He maha ngā otinga whakakanapa waikawa me te kawakore e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga whakakanapa. He tino pumau te matū o te alumina ma, ā, kāore e ngāwari te tauhohe ki ēnei matū, kia kore ai e puta he poke matū tūpono i roto i te tukanga whakakanapa. He mea tino nui tēnei i roto i te umanga hikohiko, he mea nui te parakore.
II. He pēhea te "whakaaturanga" o te alumina mā kua hanumihia i roto i te whakakanapa i ngā wāhanga hiko?
Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakakanapa i ngā wāhanga hikohiko, pērā i te muru noa i tētahi mea kanapa. He "toi whakairo" tēnei e mahia ana i roto i te ao moroiti, e whai ana kia puta he mata papatahi, he maeneene, ā, kāore he pakaru i te taumata nanometer, i te taumata atomika rānei.Alumini mā kua hanumite tino kaha ki te whakatutuki i tēnei mahi toi.
1. Te mahi "whakataurite turanga" mō ngā papa silicon
Ka hangaia ngā maramara ki runga i ngā anga silicon. Ka taea e koe te whakaaro mēnā he koretake te turanga o tētahi whare, kāore e taea te hanga i te whare, ā, ka herea noatia ngā waea hiko. Ka pā anō te kaupapa ki te hanga maramara. Ka whakatakotoria ngā paparanga tetahi ki runga i tētahi. Mēnā he koretake tetahi paparanga, ka ngaro te arotahi o te whakaahua i muri mai, ka hua ake he ara iahiko poto, he ara iahiko tuwhera rānei.
Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai te hangarau CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing), ā, he maha ngā wā ka whai wāhi nui ngā matūriki alumina ma kua whakaranua ki te "mahi mīhini." I roto i te para oro, ka mahia e ngā matūriki alumina ma kua whakaranua he maha ngā tapahi iti me te ōrite ki te mata o te wafer silicon i raro i te pēhanga me te hurihuri. Ka hurihia mārire e rātou ngā "tihi" o te mata, me te tiaki i ngā awaawa, ā, ka tutuki te papatahi whānui. Mā te pakeke me ngā āhuatanga whakakoi-ake o te alumina ma kua whakaranua ka whakarite kia whai hua, kia rite hoki tēnei tukanga.
2. Te Whakaoti Mata o ngā Pūrere Ārahi-Haumaru
I roto i te maramara, haunga te silicon, kei reira ngā konganuku (pērā i te parahi me te tungsten) e whakamahia ana mō ngā raina kawe hiko me ngā paparanga ārai (pērā i te silicon dioxide) hei wehe. He rerekē te pakeke me te tere tango o ēnei rauemi rerekē. I te wā e whakakanapahia ana, me tango te konganuku taikaha me te kore e kino te paparanga ārai o raro; ka kiia tēnei ko te "tino whiriwhiri".
He tino tika te mahi a te paura iti alumina kua whakakanapahia mā ki konei. Mā te whakarerekē i te hanganga matū o te para whakakanapa (te wāhanga "matū") me te mahi tahi me te alumina kua whakakanapahia mā (te wāhanga "mīhini"), ka taea te tango i ētahi rauemi (pēnei i te parahi) me te kore e pā ki ētahi atu rauemi (pēnei i te hauhā silicon). He mea nui tēnei tino tika hei whakarite i te hua o te maramara.
3. Te "Whetu Ataahua" o Ētahi Atu Wāhanga Hiko
Haunga ngā maramara tino tika, he maha ngā wāhanga hiko e tūtaki ana tātou i ia rā, e whakawhirinaki ana hoki ki te oro alumina ma kua hanumi.
Ngā Papanga Hapira LED: He maha ngā LED kanapa-teitei e whakamahi ana i te hapira hei papa. He tino pakari te hapira, e hiahiatia ana he alumina ma e whakaranua ana—he rauemi "pakari-ki-pakari"—hei whakakanapa kia rite ki te mata whakaata, kia nui ake ai te pai o te tango māramatanga, kia kanapa ake ai te LED.
Ngā Kaiwhakaoho Karaihe Kuata: Koinei ngā wāhanga "pa o te ngākau" e tuku ana i ngā tohu karaka ki ngā ara iahiko. He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te pumau o te auau, ā, me tino whakahaere te kounga me te matotoru o te mata; he tino pai te whakakanapa alumina ma mō tēnei mahi. Me hiahia hoki ngā rauemi aukume, ngā papa karāhe, me ētahi atu rauemi.alumina kua hanumi māi te wā e tukatuka ana kia whiwhi ai i te mutunga maeneene, kanapa hoki.
III. He aha i whakamahia ai te Alumina Ma? – He Whakarāpopototanga o ōna Painga Ahurei
Ki te titiro whakamuri, i roto i ngā momo mea whakakoi maha, he aha te take e pai ake ai te umanga hikohiko ki te alumina kua hanumi mā?
Te Tika Whakahaere: Ka taea te hanga i ōna matūriki kia tino angiangi, kia ōrite hoki (tae noa ki te taumata maikiromita) me ngā āhua ōrite. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakarite i ngā hua oro e taea te matapae me te ōrite, ā, ka ārai i ngā karawarawa o te mata e puta mai ana i ngā rahi matūriki kāore i te ōrite.
Tino Iti te Parahanga: Ko te tikanga o te parakore teitei he iti noa ngā poke whakarewa e puta mai ana i te wā e orohia ana, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tino pakari o te umanga haurua-ira.
Taurite o te Whai Hua me te Kounga: Ehara i te mea "pakeke" me te utu nui pērā i te taimana, kāore hoki i te mea koretake pērā i ngā mea whakakoi ngohengohe. Ka tutuki i a ia te taurite tino pai i waenga i te pakeke, te pakari, me te utu, ka waiho hei whiringa tino whai hua.
Nō reira, ā tērā wā ka tangohia e koe tō waea ka wheako i tana mahi maeneene me ana mahi kaha, whakaarohia tēnei: i roto i aua maramara iti me ngā wāhanga ngawari, kua puta he "hurihanga mata" puku me te tika e uru ana ki ngā matūriki alumina ma kua hanumihia. Ko tēnei "kaimahi toi pakeke" whakaitiiti, me tōna pakeke me tōna parakore, i whakakore i te arai taumata-nanometer whakamutunga mō te rere kore aukati o te ao hiko. Ahakoa kāore pea ia e tū ki te tirohanga whānui, he toa nui kei muri i ngā whakaaturanga. He maha ngā wā ka huna te ahunga whakamua hangarau i roto i ēnei taipitopito iti, e tiaho ana me te kanapa tino māmā engari he mea whakamiharo o te pūtaiao rauemi.