Me pēhea te aro atu a ngā kaihanga alumina kua whakakotahihia ki te pikinga o ngā utu pūngao?
Nō nā tata nei, i kōrero ahau ki ētahi o aku hoa i roto i tealumina kua hanumi mā pakihi, ā, i amuamu katoa rātou: "Kei te piki haere ngā utu hiko me te hau māori, ā, tata kore e taea te pupuri i ngā utu!" He pono rawa tēnei. Ko te alumina ma, he "pōkai hiko" me te "pōkai hau" - he maha ngā wā ka neke atu te pāmahana whakarewa i te 2000 nekehanga Celsius, ā, i te pikinga o ngā utu hiko, ka tino heke ngā tawhē hua. Ehara i te mea he ānini noa iho tēnei mō ngā kaihanga o roto; kei te tangi hoki ō rātou hoa o te ao mō te āhuatanga. Engari kei te haere tonu te ora, me haere tonu te pakihi. I te aroaro o tēnei ngaru o te pikinga o ngā utu pūngao, me pēhea te urupare a ngā kaihanga alumina ma? I tēnei rā, ka wehewehea e mātou tēnei i roto i ngā taipitopito.
I. He aha te pānga nui o te pikinga o ngā utu pūngao ki te umanga alumina whakarewa mā?
Tuatahi, me mārama tātou he aha te take e nui ai te kaha o te hanga alumina mā. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia he oumu hiko hei whakarewa i ngā rauemi mata pēnei i te bauxite me te coke, hei whakapai ake i aua rauemi mā roto i ngā tauhohenga matū pāmahana teitei. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ko te hiko te mea nui rawa atu—ka taea e te hiko e pau ana mō te kotahi tana o te hua te eke ki te 2000 kWh, ā, ko ngā utu hiko ka eke ki te 30% ki te 40% o ngā utu whakaputa. I ētahi wāhi, ka whakamahia hoki te hau māori hei puna pūngao tāpiri; nā te piki me te heke o ngā utu hau ka nui te piki me te heke o ngā utu.
Ki te kī tika, ko te whakawhirinaki o tēnei umanga ki te pūngao he rite ki te whakawhirinaki o te ika ki te wai. Mai i te tau kua hipa ki tēnei tau, kua piki ake ngā utu hiko ā-rohe mō ngā ahumahi mā te torutoru hēneti, ā, kua rerekē hoki ngā utu hau māori, ā, he maha ngā wheketere iti kua eke ki te taha o te hua. I kata tetahi rangatira, "Ko te tīmatanga o te whakaputa inaianei he rite ki te petipeti ki tōku ora; ko te pikinga kotahi hēneti o ngā utu hiko ko te tikanga me momi hikareti ahau i te hawhe putea hikareti i te pō."
II. Ngā Huarahi Mārama Atu i te Uauatanga: Ngā Rautaki Matua e Toru mō ngā Kaihanga Kōrunuma Mā
Rautaki Tuatahi: Te Arotahi ki te Whai Hua o te Pūngao i roto i ngā Taputapu me ngā Hangarau
Kua rongo pea koe i te kīwaha, "Ko tāu e penapena ai, ko tāu e whiwhi ai." He mahakōrunuma mā Kei te aro nui ngā kaihanga inaianei ki ngā whakapai ake i ngā taputapu. Hei tauira, mā te whakakapi i ngā oumu hiko tawhito ki ngā oumu e whakahaeretia ana e te atamai, me ngā pūnaha whakamatao wai porowhita-katia, ka taea te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao mā te neke atu i te 10%. I whakangaohia e tētahi wheketere i te kawanatanga o Shandong neke atu i te 3 miriona yuan i te tau kua hipa hei whakapai ake i āna oumu. Ahakoa he mamae, ko te penapena i runga i ngā pire hiko tata ki te 1 miriona yuan ia tau, ā, kei te whakamanamana te rangatira inaianei ki te katoa "i pau pai te moni."
Kei te whakatinanahia e ētahi atu wheketere te whakaora i te wera para—ko te hau putanga pāmahana teitei mai i ngā oumu, i mua i maumauria, ka whakamahia inaianei hei whakamahana i ngā rauemi mata, hei whakarato whakamahana rānei, ko te tikanga ka huri i te "wera para hei taonga." Kua penapenahia e tētahi kamupene i te kawanatanga o Henan te 20% o tana whakamahinga hau maori ia tau mā te whakamahi i tēnei pūnaha. Ahakoa he nui ake te haumitanga tuatahi, ka taea te whakahoki mai i roto i ngā tau e rua, e toru rānei, ā, he tino whai hua i te wā roa.
Ko te rautaki matua tuarua: "Te tango i te toenga" mai i te tukanga whakaputa
Ahakoa te āhua uaua o te arotau i ngā tukanga, he tino whai hua. Hei tauira, mā te whakahaere tika i te ōwehenga whāngai me te wā whakarewa ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao koretake; mā te whakarite rānei i ngā tukanga e whakapau kaha ana i ngā wā hiko kore-pīki i te pō. I tatauhia e tētahi wheketere i te kawanatanga o Zhejiang, mā te whakarerekē noa i ngā wā mahi ka penapenahia e rātou te 15% o ngā pire hiko ia tau.
Me tino tupato hoki ngā kaiwhakahaere. I ētahi awheawhe, i waiho ngā rama kia kā, ā, i mahi noa ngā mīhini. Ināianei, kua tāutahia ngā mita atamai, e hono ana i te whakapaunga pūngao ki te mahi a te tīma, ā, kei te aroturukihia e ngā kaimahi ā rātou pānui mita. I kī mai tētahi kaiwhakahaere whakaputa ki ahau, "I mua, ko te hamama i a mātou anō mō te penapena hiko he iti ake te whai hua i te kotahi ira raraunga."
Ko te rautaki tuatoru: Tūhurahia ngā huarahi hou, kaua e piri noa ki te "pakihi tawhito".
Ki te kore e taea te whakaiti i ngā utu pūngao, whakaarohia ētahi atu huarahi. Hei tauira, whakarerekētia te hanganga hua, te whakaputa i ngā hua tāpiri nui ake—ngā paura maikorona, ngā rauemi ātete motuhake, me ētahi atu. Ahakoa he uaua ake ngā tukanga o ēnei, he nui ake ngā hua ka puta, ā, he iti ake te pānga ki ngā utu pūngao.
Hei tāpiri atu, kaua e aro noa ki te whakaputanga. Kei te toro atu ētahi kaihanga ki ngā rāngai whakarunga me ngā rāngai whakararo o te mekameka ahumahi. Hei tauira, kei te haumi rātou ki ngā tipu hiko photovoltaic hei whakaiti i ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu hiko mā te hiko matomato; kei te whiwhi rānei rātou i ngā kirimana pūngao mō te wā roa me ngā kaiwhakarato hei karo i te piki me te heke o te utu mākete. Ka hangarua anō ētahi wheketere i ngā toenga para me ngā rauemi, ka hurihia hei hua whakaputa hei moni tāpiri.
III. He nui noa iho rānei mā ngā kamupene te whakawhirinaki ki a rātou anō anake? He mea nui anō hoki te kaupapa here me te mahi tahi.
He pono, kāore e ranea te mahi takitahi hei whakatau i te raruraru pūngao. I tēnei wā, kei te tuku tautoko te kāwanatanga mō te huringa matomato ki ngā umanga e whakapau kaha ana ki te pūngao. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā kaupapa whakahoutanga penapena pūngao te tono mō ngā nama iti te huamoni, ā, he pai ake ngā utu hiko mō ngā kaupapa photovoltaic. Kua tīmata kē ngā rangatira pakihi whakaaro whakamua ki te tautoko i ngā kaupapa here; "he painga whakataetae anō hoki te mārama ki ngā ture."
He mea nui anō hoki te mahi tahi a ngā umanga. Hei tauira, mā te hoko tahi a ētahi wheketere i te hau māori ka nui ake te mana whiriwhiri; mā te whakawhitiwhiti rānei i ngā whakatutukitanga hangarau ka karohia te R&D koretake me te maumau rauemi. He kaha te whakataetae i roto i tā tātou umanga, engari ina tūtaki ki tētahi "raruraru noa" pērā i te pūngao, he pai ake te mahi tahi i te pakanga ā-roto.
IV. Te Huarahi ki te Ao o Muri Mai: Me Huri te Kōrunuma Mā hei "Kōrunuma Kakariki"
He pēhanga poto noa iho te pikinga o ngā utu pūngao, engari i te wā roa, ka akiakihia te umanga kia huri.kōrunuma mā Ko ngā kamupene ka ora tonu ā muri ake nei ko ērā kua whakatōkia te "penapena pūngao" ki roto i ō rātou DNA. Ehara i te mea he pepeha noa iho te mātauranga me te whakaiti waro, engari he paepae oranga. Tērā pea i roto i ētahi tau, ka noho te "korundum ma kore-waro" hei moni mārō mō ngā kaweake.
Hei whakamutunga, ka tirohia e tēnei whakamātautau nui o te pūngao te kaha me te tirohanga ā-roto o te kamupene. Ko te hunga e amuamu noa ana, e kore e huri, tera pea ka whakakorea atu; ko te hunga ia e whakapai ake ana, e aro ngāwari ana, ka hanga he ara hou.
I muri i tēnei kōrero katoa, ko te karere matua ko tēnei: he wero te pikinga o ngā utu pūngao mō ngā kaihanga alumina mā, engari he whai wāhitanga anō hoki mō te panoni. Mai i ngā taputapu ki te whakahaere, mai i te hangarau ki te rautaki, ka taea te whakapai ake i ia taahiraa kia pai ai te mahi. Kia maumahara, ahakoa he manu pīrere matapo e kore e hiakai; mena kei te hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i tō roro me te whakapau kaha, ka kitea tonutia e koe he ara. Nā te mea kua maha ngā tau e noho ana tātou i roto i tēnei umanga, he aha ngā āwhā kāore anō kia pā ki a tātou? Kāore he rerekētanga o tēnei wā; ki te puta tātou i tēnei, ka tatari mai he ao hou!