He kupu whakataki ki ngā hua silicon pango me tā rātou whakamahinga i roto i te pupuhi onepu
Hiraka pangoHe rauemi silicon mahi te silicon me te hanganga mata motuhake, i tapaina mō tōna kaha mimiti mārama me te āhua mata micro-nano ahurei. I ngā tau tata nei, me te whakapainga o te tika o te maimoatanga mata me ngā whakaritenga mahi rauemi i roto i te hanga teitei, kua whakamahia whānuitia te silicon pango i roto i te photovoltaics, optoelectronics, semiconductors, hanga wāhanga whatu me ētahi atu mara me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū pai rawa atu. I taua wā anō, kua uru mārire te silicon pango ki te umanga onepū mata, ā, kua noho hei momo rauemi onepū hou me te mahi tino pai.
Ⅰ. Ngā āhuatanga taketake o te silicon pango
Ka hangaia te silicon pango mā te tukatuka i te mata silicon mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā hangarau whakarite hanganga moroiti-nano (pēnei i te whakairo katote tauhohe, te whakairo matū āwhina-whakarewa, te whakairo i puta mai i te laser, me ētahi atu). He hanganga kōne matotoru, he hanganga poutū rānei tōna mata, ka taea te whakaiti nui i te whakaata o te mārama. Ko te whakaata i roto i te awhi e kitea ana ki te tata-infrared ka iti iho i te 1%, nō reira he mangu pouri te āhua.
Ehara i te mea he tino pai ngā āhuatanga whatu o te silicon pango, engari he pai anō hoki mō te pakeke teitei, te parakore teitei, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te ātete ki te waikura. He pakari tōna hanganga matūriki, ā, he pai mō ngā huringa maha i raro i ngā āhuatanga pānga tere teitei. He pai ake tana mahi i roto i te pupuhi onepu i ngā mea whakakoi tuku iho pērā i te korundum mā, te korundum parauri, te onepu kuata, me ētahi atu.
Ⅱ. Ngā painga o te silicon pango i roto i te pupuhi onepu
Ko te onepū he tikanga maimoatanga mata e whakamahi ana i te rere onepū tere-rahi hei pā ki te mata kia taea ai te horoi, te tango i te paparanga waikura, te whakataratara, te whakapaipai rānei. Hei mea whakakoi mahi-teitei, he mārama ngā painga o te silicon pango i roto i te mara o te onepū:
1. Pānga mata pai, ōrite hoki
He rite tonu te hanganga āhua o ngā matūriki silicon pango, ā, he pumau te āhua. I muri i te rehu, ka taea te hanga i tētahi pānga matte ōrite, ōrite hoki ki te mata o te mea mahi. He tino pai tēnei pānga maimoatanga mō ngā hua pēnei i te karāhe whatu, te whare arotahi, ngā wāhanga hanganga konumohe, me ētahi atu, he tino teitei ngā whakaritenga mō te ōritetanga me te āhua o te mata.
2. Te pakeke teitei me te ātete pānga
Ko te pakeketanga Mohs o te silicon pango e eke ana ki te 8.5, neke atu rānei, he iti te tere pakaru i te wā e pupuhi ana i te onepu, ā, he roa te ora mahi. Ki te whakatauritea ki te onepu quartz noa, ki ngā pirepire karāhe rānei, he pai ake te pupuhi onepu silicon pango, ā, he kaha ake te kaha pānga, ā, ka taea te whakaoti i te horoi hohonu me te whakatara i roto i te wā poto.
3. Teitei o te parakore me te tiaki taiao
Ko te parakore o te silicon pango he mea neke atu i te 99%, ā, kāore he poke kino pērā i te silicon kore utu, i ngā konganuku taumaha rānei. He iti te parahanga puehu i roto i te awheawhe pupuhi onepu, ā, he tino pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā ahumahi tino ma pērā i ngā wāhanga hiko, ngā taputapu hauora, me ngā takai haurua-ira. I taua wā anō, he pumau tōna āhua matūriki, he iti te whakaputanga puehu, ā, he haumaru ake mō te hauora o ngā kaiwhakahaere.
4. Ka taea te whakamahi anō me te whakahaere utu
Nā te pakeke me te pumau o te hanganga, ka taea tonu e te silicon pango te pupuri i te pānga rehu pai i muri i ngā huringa maha, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga rauemi. I roto i ngā taputapu onepū aunoa nui, ka whakaatuhia e te silicon pango he pai ake te penapena.
Ⅲ. Ngā wāhi tono noa
Kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mea whakakoi kirikiri silicon pango i roto i ngā mara e whai ake nei:
Te maimoatanga mata matte o te taputapu tino tika: pērā i te anga waenga waea pūkoro teitei, te anga pona, te anga mataaratanga atamai me ētahi atu hua konumohe koranu;
Maimoatanga hukapapa karāhe whatu: whakamahia mō te arotahi, te tātari, te matapihi whatu matte me te whakapaipai;
Ngā wāhanga rererangi me ngā wāhanga hōia: tangohia te paparanga waikura me te kore e whakarerekē i te rahi hei whakapai ake i te piri o te paninga;
Te whakairo mata mōkihi hiko: te whakapai ake i te tika o te tākai me te piri o te atanga;
Te whakapūtanga onepū moroiti ki te uku me te rauemi hiato: te maimoatanga whakataratara i te mata hei whakapakari i te kaha o te piri.
Ⅳ. Whakarāpopototanga
I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau pupuhi onepu me te anga whakamua o te umanga hanga ki te tika teitei ake me te tiaki taiao teitei ake, kāore e taea e ngā rauemi pupuhi onepu tuku iho te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā tukanga teitei. Ko te silicon pango, hei mea whakakoi mahi me te kaha teitei, te whakaata iti, te parakore teitei me te tiaki taiao, kei te huri hei rauemi whakapai ake nui i roto i te umanga pupuhi onepu. Ahakoa i roto i te hanga tika, te matte whatu, i roto rānei i te tukatuka taputapu hiko, te maimoatanga mata taputapu rererangi me ētahi atu mara, kua whakaatuhia e te silicon pango he whānuitanga o ngā tono.