E mōhio ana te hunga kua mahi i roto i tētahi awheawhe pupuhi onepu ko te whiriwhiri i te mea whakakoi tika he rite ki te tākuta rongoā Hainamana tuku iho e tohu ana i ngā otaota – me āta whakaaro me te whakataurite i te mea whakakoi ki te mahi motuhake. Ko te alumina ma kua whakaranua, me tōna pakeke me te pakari, he "kaitākaro whetu" i roto i te ao pupuhi onepu. Heoi, kāore pea koe e mōhio ahakoa i roto i ngā mea whakakoi alumina ma kua whakaranua, he rerekē rawa ngā hua o ngā rahi kirikiri rerekē. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō tēnei kaupapa ngāwari engari he tino uaua, arā, ko te whakarōpūtanga rahi kirikiri.
I. "Pakari, Waenga, me te Pai": Te Pūnaha Taketake o ngā Taumata-Toru
Ko ngā tohunga pupuhi onepu mātau e wehewehe anaalumina kua hanumi māE toru ngā wāhanga matua o ngā mea whakakoi: te matotoru, te waenga, me te kikokore. He māmā noa iho te ahua o tēnei whakarōpūtanga, engari e whakaatu ana i ngā tekau tau o te wheako kua kohia. Ko te kirikiri matotoru e pā ana ki te whānuitanga o te 20 mata ki te 60 mata. He aha te tikanga o tēnā? Ko te tikanga ko te diameter o te matūriki kei waenganui i te 0.85 mirimita me te 0.25 mirimita. Ki te pupuri koe i tētahi ringaringa, ka taea e koe te rongo i te kakano kirikiri. He kaha te kaha pānga o tēnei momo mea whakakoi, ā, he pai mō ngā mahi "taumaha". Hei tauira, te horoi i ngā whakarewanga nui: ko te mata o te whakarewanga i muri i te ringihanga ka hipokina ki tētahi paparanga onepū whakarewa me te unahi waikura, he tino pakeke, ā, me kaha te pānga o te kirikiri matotoru. He maha ngā wā ka kī a Zhang tawhito i roto i tā mātou wheketere, "Hei whakahaere i aua mata 'pakari', me whakamahi koe i te kirikiri matotoru, pērā i te whakamahi i te papa huruhuru maitai hei horoi i te kohua."
Ko te kirikiri waenga kei waenganui i te 80 mata me te 180 mata (0.18 mirimita ki te 0.08 mirimita), ā, koinei te "tino whānui" e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko te kīanga "waenga" ehara i te mea ko tōna rahi kirikiri waenga anake engari ko tōna whakamahinga taurite hoki. Kāore i te "kaha" pērā i te kirikiri matotoru, kāore hoki i te "ngawari" pērā i te kirikiri pai. Mō te maimoatanga mata o ngā hanganga maitai, te horoi whakarewa, me te tango waikura o ētahi wāhanga noa, ko te kirikiri waenga te kōwhiringa tika. Ka whakaratohia he pānga maimoatanga mata taurite, ka whakarite i te ma me te kore e puta he taratara nui o te mata. Ka tīmata te kirikiri pai mai i te 220 mata, ā, ka pai ake. He tino pai tēnei momo mea whakakoi, he rite ki te paraoa ki te pā. Kaua e whakaititia nā tōna pai; ko te mahi ngawari e whakawhirinaki ana ki a ia. Mō te horoi mata o ngā whakarewa tika, te whakakanapa pokepokea ai, me te maimoatanga o ētahi mata whakapaipai teitei, he mea tino nui te onepu pai. He kīwaha tino pai tā Mr. Li, te tumuaki i roto i tā mātou awheawhe e kawenga ana mō ngā wāhanga tika: "Ka rongoatia e te onepu matotoru te mate, ka whakapaipaihia e te onepu pai." He whakamārama tino pai tēnei i te kaupapa.
II. Ngā Paerewa Whakatauranga: Ehara i te "Tatari" noa iho
Mō te whakatauranga motuhake, tera pea ka whakaaro te hunga noa he mea noa te whakamahi i ngā tātari me ngā rahi mata rerekē. He pono tēnā, engari kāore i te katoa. He mārama ngā ture a ngā paerewa ā-motu (GB/T) me ngā paerewa ahumahi, pērā i te pūnaha whakatauranga mai i te F4 (tino matotoru) ki te F1200 (tino pai). E rite ana ia whakatauranga ki tētahi awhe tohatoha rahi matūriki tino pakari. Heoi, i roto i te mahi, ka whakanuia hoki e ngā tohunga hangarau mātau te "ōritetanga." He aha te tikanga o tēnei? Ko te tikanga me rite te rahi o ngā matūriki i roto i te putea onepu kotahi. Mena he matūriki matotoru me he matūriki pai, ka kore e ōrite te hua o te mata i muri i te pupuhi. Me whai pihi tohatoha rahi matūriki pari te onepu pai, kaua e papatahi.
III. Ngā horopaki e tika ana: Ngā rahi matūriki rerekē mō ngā mahi rerekē
Ko te onepu matotoru (20-60 mata) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi taumaha. Haunga te horoi whakarewa i whakahuatia ake nei, he mea nui mō te maimoatanga mata o ngā hanganga rino nui i mua i te peita. Hei tauira, ko ngā piriti, ko ngā kaipuke, me ngā tāke rokiroki – ka kitea ēnei hanganga nui e ngā āhuatanga o te tau katoa, ā, he matotoru, he mārō hoki ō rātou paparanga waikura mata. Ka taea e te onepu matotoru te tango wawe i ngā paninga tawhito me te waikura, ka kitea te papa whakarewa. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio he kaha te kaha o te pānga o te onepu matotoru, nō reira kaua e whakamahia ki runga i te pepa whakarewa angiangi, ki te kore ka ngāwari te huri. I ako mātou i tēnei i te ara uaua: i tētahi wā, i whakamahia e mātou te onepu 40-mata hei maimoatanga i tētahi pereti rino 3mm te matotoru, ā, i te mutunga ka rite te pereti ki te ngaru, ka akiaki mātou ki te tango me te tīmata anō.
He whānui rawa ngā whakamahinga o te onepu waenga (80-180 mata). I roto i te umanga motuka, e whakamahia ana mō te maimoatanga o mua i ngā panera tinana motuka i mua i te peita; i roto i te umanga oko pēhanga, mō te horoi i ngā whakarewa i mua i te kitenga o ngā hapa; ā, i roto i te hanga mīhini whānui, mō te whakakorikori i te mata o ngā wāhanga. Ko tōna āhuatanga ko tōna maha o ngā mahi - ka puta he hua horoi pai, ā, ka hangaia he tauira punga taurite (ngā puku me ngā rua iti i runga i te mata), he mea pai mō te piri o te paninga. E whakamahi ana te kaiwhakahaere whakaputa i tā mātou wheketere i tētahi kupu whakarite oraora: "He rite te onepu waenga-kirikiri ki te tunu kai kāinga - ehara i te mea tino pai rawa atu, engari ko te mea tino makona me te nuinga o te whakamahi."
Ko te onepū kirikiri pai (220 mata me runga ake) e rāhuitia ana mō te hanga tino tika. Ko ngā wāhanga tino tika i roto i te umanga rererangi, ngā wāhanga taputapu hauora, me te pupuhi onepū o ngā anga hua hiko teitei katoa e hiahia ana ki te onepū kirikiri pai. Ka taea e ia te whakahaere i te taratara o te mata (uara Ra) ki te taumata tino iti me te whakatutuki i te mutunga matte ōrite. I te tau kua hipa, i pupuhi onepū mātou i tētahi puranga taputapu pokanga mō tētahi kamupene taputapu hauora mā te whakamahi i te onepū 320-mata. He tino teitei ngā whakaritenga, ā, me tirotirohia ngā hua kua oti i raro i ngā āhuatanga rama motuhake, me te kore e whakaaetia ngā karawarawa e kitea ana, te kore rānei e whakaaetia. Nā te tino ahotea o Liu, te kaiwhakahaere o tēnei mahi, kua ngaro ōna makawe. "Ehara tēnei i te pupuhi onepū, he whakairo tēnei," tana kī me te menemene pōuri.
IV. Te Toi o te Kōwhiri Oneone: He Huinga o te Wheako me te Pūtaiao
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te rahi o te kirikiri tika i roto i te mahi? Kei roto i tēnei ko te tātaitanga pūtaiao me te whakatau whakaaro mātau. Tuatahi, me whakaaro koe ki te rauemi o te mea mahi. Ka taea e ngā rauemi pakeke te whakamahi i te onepu matotoru, ko ngā rauemi ngawari (pērā ikonumoheme te parahi) me whakamahi i te onepu pai. Tuarua, whakaarohia te matotoru o te mea mahi; kaua ngā wahi angiangi e whakamahi i te onepu matotoru. Tuatoru, whakaarohia ngā whakaritenga mata whakamutunga. Mō ngā paninga, whakaarohia te matotoru o te paninga; mō ngā kaupapa whakapaipai, whakaarohia te ataahua. Kua whakarāpopototia e te tari hangarau o tā mātou wheketere tētahi maumaharatanga māmā: "He mārō, he matotoru, whakamahia te matotoru; he ngawari, he angiangi, whakamahia te matotoru; mō te whakapaipai, kia pai ake; mō te piri, whiriwhiria te waenga-pai." Engari he tīmatanga noa iho tēnei maumaharatanga; me tātari motuhake ngā kaupapa motuhake. Hei tauira, mō te maitai kore waikura, mēnā mō te maimoatanga pakitara o roto o ngā taputapu matū, ka whakamahia pea te onepu waenga-pai mō te horoi tere; engari mō ngā mīhini kai, me whai onepu pai kia ngāwari ai te horoi me te patu huakita.
He maha ngā wheketere e whakatairanga ana i te "one one, one specification," arā, te whakatū i tētahite pupuhi onepu tino paite kōtaha tawhā mō ia hua, ko te kōwhiringa rahi kirikiri te mea matua. He roa te wā e pau ana ki te whakatū i tēnei kōtaha, me te whakamātautau anō, engari i te wā kua whakatūria, ka waiho hei taonga nui. Ko te kōtaha i whakawhanakehia e mātou mō tētahi poraka rango miihini motuka e whakaatu ana ko te whakamahi i te 100-meshonepu kōrunuma mā, i te pēhanga o te 0.5 MPa me te tawhiti o te 200 mm, ka tino tutuki te taratara o te mata i ngā whakaritenga paninga tino pai. I whiwhihia ēnei raraunga i muri i te neke atu i te toru tekau ngā whakamātautau. V. Ngā Whakaaro Hē me ngā Whakatūpato Noa
He maha ngā hapa a te hunga tīmata. Tuatahi ko te whakaaro hē "ko te kirikiri nui ake te pai," e whakapono ana ka tere ake te horoi i te kirikiri nui. Heoi, mā te kirikiri nui rawa ka kino te mata, ka hiahiatia he whakatikatika i muri mai, ā, ka moumou taima. Tuarua ko te whakaranu i ngā puranga kirikiri rerekē, he mea tino kore e whakaaetia. Ahakoa he rite te tau o te kirikiri, ka rerekē pea te tohatoha rahi matūriki i waenga i ngā puranga, ka hua ake he hua maimoatanga mata koretake. Tuatoru ko te wareware ki te maha o ngā wā i hangaruahia ai te kirikiri. Ka taea te hangarua i te kirikiri kōrundum mā i ngā wā maha, engari me te nui haere o te whakamahinga, ka porotaka haere ngā matūriki, ka whakaiti i te pai o te horoi. Ka taea e ngā tohunga hangarau mohio te whakatau mēnā me whakakapi te kirikiri mā te tangi me te tae o te awa kirikiri.
E mea pinepine ana tā mātou kaiwhakahaere awheawhe, a Old Chang, "He rite te kirikiri ki ngā hōia; me mārama koe ki ngā āhuatanga o ia hōia kia toa ai koe i te pakanga." He māmā noa iho tēnei kōrero, engari he hohonu. Ahakoa te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga rahi matūriki he tawhā ā-tinana noa iho, e hono ana ki te mātauranga mai i ngā mara maha, tae atu ki te pūtaiao rauemi, te hangarau mata, me te miihini wai. Ko te whānuitanga o te kirikiri kōrundum mā, mai i te matotoru ki te kikokore, he rite ki tētahi kete taputapu katoa. Kāore te tohunga toi pono e whakamahi noa i tētahi, i ētahi rānei taputapu, engari ka taea e ia te whiriwhiri tika i te "taputapu" tino tika i runga i ngā "āhuatanga" rerekē. I tēnei wā e nui haere ana te hiranga o te kounga mata, kua noho te māramatanga hohonu me te whakamahi pūkenga o te whakarōpūtanga rahi matūriki hei pūkenga tino nui. Ehara i te mea whakamīharo, engari he pānga pono ki te kounga o te hua me te roa o te ora. Koinei pea tētahi o aua "kī ngaro" i roto i te hanga ahumahi.