Te Tūranga o te Paura Ma o te Kōrunuma Ma i roto i ngā Rauemi Tākai Hiko
E ngā hoa mahi, e mōhio ana te hunga e mahi ana i ngā rauemi me ngā takai ahakoa he mea whakamiharo te tangi o te takai hiko, ko te mea nui ko ngā taipitopito. He rite ki te whakatakoto i tētahi kākahu tiaki ki runga i tētahi maramara utu nui. Me tu atu tēnei kākahu ki te pānga (te kaha miihini), te whakamarara i te wera (te kawe wera), me te whakarato i te ātete whakamarumaru me te makuku. He mea nui ngā hapa o tētahi o ēnei. I tēnei rā, ka arotahi tātou ki tētahi rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, engari he uaua—te paura iti korundum mā—kia tūhuratia ai te mahi nui a tēnei kai iti i roto i tēnei kākahu tiaki.
Ⅰ. Kia mōhio tātou ki te toa matua: te "toa mā" o te parakore tino.
Korunuma māKi te kī māmā noa iho, he tino parakore te waikura konumohe (Al₂O₃). He whanaunga ki te kōrundum parauri e kitea whānuitia ana, engari he parakore ake tōna whakapapa. Nā tōna tino parakore ka puta he tae mā, he pakeke teitei, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, me ngā āhuatanga matū tino pumau, ā, kāore e pāngia e tētahi atu mea.
Ko te huri kia rite ki te paura angiangi, ki te iti rānei o te nanometer, koinei te mea e kiia nei e tātoupaura kōrunuma māKaua e whakahaweatia tēnei paura. I roto i ngā rauemi takai hiko, inā koa ko ngā matū whakakikorua epoxy (EMC) me ngā rauemi takai uku, ehara i te mea he tāpiri noa iho; he whakakī pou hoki.
II. He aha tonu te mahi a tēnei mea i roto i te takai?
Whakaarohia te rauemi takai he wahi "sima whakakotahi," ko te kapia te "piri" ngohengohe, piri e pupuri ana i ngā mea katoa. Engari kāore e ranea te piri anake; he ngawari rawa, he ngoikore, ā, ka pakaru ina werahia. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai te paura korundum mā. He rite ki ngā "kirikiri" me te "onepu" e tāpirihia ana ki te sima, e whakanui ana i te mahi a tēnei "sima" ki tētahi taumata hou.
Matua: He "hongere kawe wera" whai hua
He rite te maramara ki tētahi oumu iti. Ki te kore e taea te whakamarara i te wera, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te auau me te whakaroa, te wera rawa rānei. He ngoikore te kapia hei kawe wera, ka mau te wera ki roto—he āhuatanga tino kore whakamarie.
Paura moroiti kōrunuma māHe nui ake te kawe wera o tēnei mea i te kapia. Ina horahia te nui o te paura iti ki roto i te kapia, ka hangaia he whatunga o ngā "huarahi wera" iti e kore e taea te tatau. Ka tere te kawe i te wera e puta mai ana i te maramara mai i roto ki te mata o te kete mā roto i ēnei matūriki korundum mā, kātahi ka marara ki te hau, ki te totohu wera rānei. Ko te nui ake o te paura e tāpirihia ana, ko te rahi o te matūriki e ōrite ana, ka nui ake te matotoru me te wai o tēnei whatunga wera, ā, ka teitei ake te kawe wera whānui (TC) o te rauemi takai. Kei te whai ngā taputapu papai inaianei kia nui te kawe wera, ā, ko te paura iti korundum mā te mea nui i roto i tēnei.
Pūkenga Motuhake: Te "Kaiwhakahaere Whānui Wera" Tika
He mahi nui tēnei! He rerekē ngā tauwehenga whānui wera (CTE) o te maramara (te nuinga he silicon), te rauemi tākai, me te papa (pēnei i te PCB). Ki te whakarāpopototia, ka whānui, ka whakawhāiti hoki i ngā taumata rerekē ina werahia. Mēnā he rerekē rawa ngā tere whānui me te whakawhāiti o te rauemi tākai i ērā o te maramara, ka puta he ahotea nui i roto i te tinana nā te rerekētanga o te pāmahana, arā, te makariri me te wera. He rite tēnei ki te kukume a ētahi tāngata i tētahi kākahu ki ngā taha rerekē. I roto i te wā, ka pakaru pea te maramara, ka pakaru rānei ngā hononga honohono. Ka kiia tēnei ko te "raru wera."
Paura kōrunuma mā He tino iti te tauwehenga whānui wera, ā, he tino pumau. Mā te tāpiri atu ki te kapia ka whakaiti i te tauwehenga whānui wera o te rauemi hiato katoa, ka tata rite ki te maramara silicon me te papa. Mā tēnei ka whakarite kia whānui, kia kōpeke hoki ngā rauemi i te wā e piki haere ana te pāmahana, ka whakaiti nui i te ahotea o roto, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pono me te roa o te ora o te taputapu. He rite tēnei ki te tīma: mā te mahi tahi anake ka taea e rātou te whakatutuki i tetahi mea.
Ngā Pūkenga Taketake: He "Whakakaha Wheua" Kaha
I muri i te whakamaroketanga, he rite te kaha ā-ringa, te pakeke, me te ātete ki te kakahu o te kapia parakore. Ko te tāpiri i te paura kōrunuma mā tino pakari me te kaha, he rite ki te whakauru i ngā piriona "anga" mārō ki roto i te kapia ngohengohe. E toru ngā painga nui ka puta mai i tēnei:
Te pikinga ake o te modulus: He pakari ake te rauemi, he iti ake te ngāwari ki te whakarerekē, he pai ake te tiaki i ngā waea maramara o roto me te koura.
Kaha ake: Ka whakanuia te kaha piko me te kaha pēhi, ka taea ai te tu atu i ngā ru me te ahotea ā-waho.
Ātete ki te pakū me te makuku: He mārō ake te mata o te kete, ā, he ātete hoki ki te pakaru. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaitihia e te whakakī matotoru te ara mō te urunga o te makuku, ka pai ake te ātete ki te makuku.
Ⅲ. Tāpirihia noa? Ko te whakahaere kounga te mea nui!
I tēnei wā, tera pea koe e whakaaro he māmā noa iho—tāpirihia te nui o te paura e taea ana e koe ki te kapia. Āe, koinei te wāhi e takoto ai te pūkenga tūturu. He tino uaua te momo paura hei tāpiri me te āhua o te tāpiri.
Ko te parakore te mea nui: He rerekē te karaehe hiko me te karaehe whakakoi noa. Ina koa, me whakahaere te ihirangi o ngā poke whakarewa pēnei i te pāhare pāporo (K) me te konutai (Na) ki ngā taumata ppm tino iti. Ka taea e ēnei poke te heke i roto i ngā mara hiko me ngā taiao makuku, ka puta te turuturu o te ara iahiko, tae atu ki ngā ara iahiko poto, he tūmomo mōrearea nui ki te pono. Ehara i te mea he tae noa te "mā"; he tohu mō te parakore. He momo toi te rahi o te matūriki me te whakatauranga: Whakaarohia mēnā he rite te rahi o ngā porowhita katoa, kāore e kore ka puta he āputa i waenganui i a rātou. Me "whakatau" e tātou ngā paura moroiti o ngā rahi rerekē kia whakakīia ai ngā āputa i waenganui i ngā porowhita nui e ngā porowhita iti, kia tutuki ai te kiato tākai teitei rawa. Mā te kiato tākai teitei ake ka nui ake ngā ara kawe wera me te whakahaere pai ake i te tauwehenga whānui wera. I te wa ano, kaua te rahi o te matūriki e tino matotoru, ka pā ki te rere o te tukatuka me te mutunga o te mata; kaua hoki e tino kikokore, nā te mea ka nui ake te horahanga o te mata, ka nui ake te mimiti o te kapia, ka whakaiti i te tere whakakī me te piki ake o ngā utu. Ko te hoahoa i tēnei tohatoha rahi matūriki tētahi o ngā mea ngaro matua o ia whakatakotoranga.
He mea nui te āhua me te maimoatanga o te mata: Ko te mea pai ko te āhua o te matūriki kia rite, kia ōrite te horahanga, me te iti o ngā kokonga koi. Mā tēnei ka pai te rere o te kapia, ā, ka whakaitihia te kukū o te ahotea. He mea nui ake te maimoatanga o te mata.Korunuma māhe wai-aroha ki te wai, ko te kapia ia he wai-aroha ki te wai, ā, kāore e hototahi. Nō reira, me pania te mata o te paura moroiti ki te ākena honohono silane, kia puta ai he "paninga rauropi". Mā tēnei, ka taea te hono tata i te paura ki te kapia, kia kore ai te atanga e waiho hei pūwāhi ngoikore e pakaru ai ina pāngia e te makuku, e te ahotea rānei.