Te Auahatanga Hangarau me te Tūhuratanga Whakamahinga o te Paura Iti o te Kōrunuma Parauri
I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō tētahi hoa tawhito—paura moroiti kōrunuma parauriHe rauemi tawhito tēnei i roto i tā mātou umanga taputapu keri me te huri. Mō ngā tau maha, nā tōna pakeketanga, tōna pakari tino pai, me tōna utu iti, kua nui ngā takoha kua tukuna ki ngā mara tuku iho pēnei i te maitai, te uku, me te karāhe.
Engari kei te whakaaro ahau mēnā kei te whakaae koutou katoa ki tēnei whakaaro: i ngā tau tata nei, kua pōuri ahau ki te pupuri i ēnei pūkenga tawhito. Kei te huri haere te mākete me ngā tono, ā, kei te tae ngā hangarau tawhito ki ōna rohe. Nō reira, i tēnei rā, e hiahia ana ahau ki te matapaki me pēhea te kaha o te paura iti o te kōrundum parauri, mā roto i tētahi auahatanga hangarau "hurihuri-ake", ki te pakaru i roto i te ope o ngā rauemi hou me te whakairo i tētahi āputa hou.
Ⅰ. Ngā Puku Hou mai i tētahi Rākau Tawhito: E Toru ngā "Whaihanga Hou" i roto i te Auahatanga Hangarau
Kaua e whakaaropaura moroiti kōrunuma parauri Kua tae te hangarau ki tōna taumata. He nui atu tōna pūmanawa i tō whakaaro, i tō whakaaro rānei. I puta ngā putanga tuturu i roto i tā mātou whakatikatika tino pai.
1. Te Huringa o te Whakaiti me te Hanga i ngā Matūriki
I mua, i a tātou e kōrero ana mō ngā paura moroiti, tērā pea i whakaaro tātou he mea whakamiharo kē te D50 o ētahi maikoroni. Engari i nāianei, ko te whakataetae tūturu kei ngā taumata iti iho i te maikoroni, tae atu ki te nanometa. Mā te hangarau kuru pai ake me ngā tukanga whakarōpūtanga tika, ka taea e tātou te whakaputa paura tino pai me te tohatoha rahi matūriki kia ōrite me te mea kua tātarihia mā roto i te tatari.
Kāore i mutu i reira; kua tīmata kē tātou ki te "whakaahua" i ēnei matūriki ririki. I tika tāu i rongo ai. Ko ngā tikanga kuru tuku iho ka puta he matūriki koki, he rite ki ngā maramara karāhe pakaru. Ināianei, mā roto i ngā tikanga whakairo motuhake, ka taea e tātou te whakaputa paura moroiti kōrunuma parauri he porowhita ake, he maeneene ake hoki ngā mata. Kaua e whakaititia tēnei "whakaahua"; he "patu whakamate" pono i roto i te oro tino tika, e whakaiti ana i ngā karawarawa me te whakatutuki i tētahi mata tino maeneene. He rite ki te whakamahi i te pepa kirikiri taratara hei oro, kātahi ka huri ki te kiri tia pai. Ka rite tonu te pānga?
2. Te "Pani" i ngā Matūriki: Te Whakarerekētanga o te Mata
Paura moroiti kōrunuma paraurihe āhua tika, ā, he nui te kaha o te mata, ka ngāwari ai te whakaemi. Kāore hoki e pai te whakaranu ki ētahi rauemi pūmua, pērā i te hinu me te wai. Koinei te wāhi e whai hua ai te hangarau whakarerekētanga mata.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, mā roto i ngā tikanga matū, ā-tinana rānei, ka pania he "paninga angiangi" - he torutoru noa ngā ngota matotoru - ki te mata o ia matūriki paura iti. Ka taea e tēnei paninga te whakamahi i te kaihoko hononga silane, te titanate, tētahi atu kaihoko rānei. He painga tonu tō tēnei paninga: Tuatahi, ka whakakore i te whakakotahitanga, ka whakapai ake i te horapa me te whakarite kia ōrite te mahi. Tuarua, ka mahi hei "kaitautoko", ka whakanui ake i te kaha here i waenga i te paura iti me ngā papa pēnei i te kapia me te rapa. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te kaha me te roa o ngā wira huri me ngā kōpae tapahi ka puta. He rite tēnei ki te peita i te rebar ki te peita ārai-waikura, kātahi ka whakauru ki roto i te raima, ka hanga he here pumau ake.
3. Mai i te "Hōia Takitahi" ki te Huarahi Whakakotahi "Pūnaha"
Kāore e taea te mahi takitahi; ko te mahi tahi te mea nui. Kua whakauruhia hoki te paura moroiti kōrunuma parauri ki roto i ngā mea whakakotahi. Hei tauira, ka whakakotahihia e mātou me ētahi atu paura mahi, pērā i te cerium oxide me te silicon carbide, i roto i ngā ōwehenga me ngā hanganga motuhake hei hanga i ngā mea whakakoi whakakotahi.
He nui atu i te 1+1=2 noa iho tēnei mea whakakoi whakakotahi. E mau tonu ana ngā painga o te pakari o te kōrunuma parauri, me te whakauru anō hoki i te kaha matū teitei o te waikura cerium me te pakeke teitei o te karawaka silicon. Ina whakakanapahia ngā papa haurua-ira, he nui ake tōna whai huatanga i ērā o te mea whakakoi kotahi. Mā tēnei huarahi ka puta he huinga kaha o ngā wero, ka puta he wero kaha ake.
II. Te Whakatūwhera i te Whenua Hou: Ngā Taupānga Hou Ka Whakamiharo i a Koe
Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kua whānui haere te whānuitanga o te tono. Kua hipa ake te paura moroiti kōrunuma parauri i te whānuitanga o te hurihanga tuku iho, ā, kei te tupu pai i roto i ētahi mara hou.
1. Te "Tohunga o te Whakakanapa Tika" i roto i ngā Ahumahi Ārahi me te Optoelectronics
Koinei tētahi o ngā mara e tino nui ana te uara tāpiri i tēnei wā. Ko ngā hangarau tino pai, te hanga, me te whakarerekētanga i whakahuatia i mua ake nei kua kitea tō rātou whakamahinga tino pai ki konei. Hei tauira, i roto i te tukanga whakakanapa whakamutunga o ngā papa sapphire LED, te karāhe whatu, me ngā papa silicon, ka taea e te paura iti porowhita parauri porowhita teitei te tukatuka maeneene, kore kino, e pā tika ana ki te hua me te mahi hua. He tika ki te kī ko ia waea atamai kei a koe he wāhanga kua whakakanapahia kia tino tika.
2. Te "Angaanga Kāore e Kitea" o ngā Mea Whakakoi Paninga-teitei
Kua mōhiotia e te katoa te kakahu emery me te pepa kirikiri tuku iho. Heoi, kei te rongonui haere ngā mea whakakoi paninga matotoru ake, ā, he ātete ki te kakahu. I konei, ka honoa pūmau te paura iti o te corundum parauri kua whakarerekētia ki ngā kapia mahi-teitei hei hanga whitiki kirikiri me ngā kōpae he roa te ora. Ka whakamahia ēnei hei whakakanapa i ngā mata miihini motuka me ngā tāonga rakau totoka kounga teitei, ka tutuki ai te whai huatanga teitei me te kounga mata pai rawa atu, ka waiho hei taputapu tino nui mō ngā whakapainga hanga.
3. Te "Whetu e Ara Ake Ana" o ngā Whakakī Whakakaha Mahi
Haunga ngā mea whakakoi, ka kaha ake anō hoki. Mā te tāpiri i te nui o te paura iti kōrunuma parauri ki ētahi uku motuhake, ki ētahi rauemi whakakotahi polymer rānei, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pakeke o te rauemi, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te pumau o te wera. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga paipa mahi-teitei, ātete ki te kakahu me ngā taputapu kirihou hangarau motuhake, kia roa ake ai, kia pakari ake ai hoki ēnei wāhanga.
4. He Hoa "Pūmau" i roto i te Tānga 3D
Ahakoa he mea miharo pea tēnei, kua tīmata kē te paura iti o te kōrundum parauri ki te uru ki roto i te ao.Tānga 3DI roto i ētahi tikanga whakamahana taiaho whiriwhiri (SLS), ka konatunatua ki ētahi atu paura whakarewa, paura uku rānei. Whai muri i te tukatuka i muri mai, ka taea te whakanui ake i te pakeke o te mata me te ātete ki te kakahu o te mea mahi kua tāia, ka whakarato i tētahi huarahi hou mō te hanga i ngā wāhanga ātete-kakahu me ngā hanganga uaua.
Me kōrero tātou mō ngā take mahi: Ngā Wero me te Tirohanga
He mārama te heke mai, engari he maha ngā piko me ngā takahurihanga kei mua i a tātou. He wero nui anō hoki kei mua i a tātou: he nui te utu whakaputa o ngā paura tino pai, ā, he uaua te whakahaere kounga; kāore e ranea te kohikohi raraunga tukanga i roto i ngā wāhi tono hou; ā, he nui te pēhanga kei te whakataetae mai i ngā "kaitākaro matatau" pērā i te silicon carbide me te taimana.
Engari ki taku whakaaro ko te mea nui kei roto i te panonitanga o ō tātou whakaaro. Kāore e taea te titiro ki te paura kōrunuma parauri hei rauemi mata noa iho, engari hei "tūāpapa hangarau" ka taea te whakawhanake tonu me te whakarite. I te heke mai, ko te tangata ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā putanga hou i roto i ngā rauemi pai ake, parakore ake, me te whai hua ake, ko te tangata ka taea te mārama ake ki ngā āhuatanga mamae o ngā tono o muri mai, me te whakarato i tētahi huinga otinga katoa, ka hopu i te kaupapa matua i roto i tēnei mākete hihiri.