Me pēhea te whakanui ake a ngā kaihanga alumina ma i te mārō o te hua?
He aha i whiriwhiri ai ngā kaihoko i te alumina mā kua whakaranua? Ko te take matua ko tōna pakeke tino pai—ko te pakeke Mohs he 9, ko te tuarua anake ki te taimana. Heoi, ko tēnei "pakeke" he tino uaua. Ahakoa i waenga ialumina kua hanumi māngā hua, mā te iti o te rerekētanga o te uara pakeke ka rerekē te tūnga mākete me te utu i roto i ngā tono teitei. Nō reira, ehara i te mea he pepeha noa iho te whakarei ake i te pakeketanga o te hua mā mātou, mā ngā kaihanga - he tohungatanga pono kua whakauruhia ki roto i ia taahiraa mai i ngā rauemi mata ki te tahu. Neke atu i te rua tekau tau te roa o taku mahi i roto i te umanga, e whakapono ana ahau ko te angitu kei runga i te arotahi nui ki ēnei wāhanga nui.
Te Kūaha Tuatahi: Ngā Rauemi Mata—Ka Ārahi Ngā Pūtake Kino ki te Maumau Mahi
E ai ki te kōrero, "Ahakoa te kai tunu tino pūkenga, kāore e taea te tunu kai me te kore he raihi." Ko tā tātou "raihi" hepaura aluminar. He nui atu ngā āhuatanga uaua o konei i tua atu i te kotahi noa o ngā āhuatanga parakore.
Ko te parakore te tūāpapa: He kōrero tawhito tēnei, engari me whakanui. Me pupuri tonu te nui o te waikura konumohe (Al₂O₃) ki runga ake i te 99.5%, ko te tumanako kia eke ki te 99.7%, neke atu rānei. He rite ngā poke pēnei i te konutai (Na₂O), te silicon (SiO₂), me te rino (Fe₂O₃) ki ngā hononga ngoikore. I ngā pāmahana teitei, ka hanga e rātou he āhua karāhe iti te rewa - pērā i te tāpiri i ētahi pata wai ki tētahi poraka hukapapa totoka, ka whakararu tonu i te hanganga katoa. Nō reira, i te wā e hoko ana i ngā rauemi mata, me āta tirotiro tonu te tangata. Me haere tahi ia puranga me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau whai mana, ā, me mau tonu he pukapuka kaute mārama.
Ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga me te mahi a te karaihe: Ahakoa i roto ipaura alumina, he nui te rerekētanga i waenga i te alumina kua whakapūkarahia me te alumina ahumahi noa. E pai ana mātou ki te "alumina kua whakapūkarahia." Ka tukatukahia tēnei rauemi ki te pāmahana teitei e whakaoti ana i tana huringa tioata, e whakarite ana i te pumau pai me te whakahekenga ka taea te whakahaere. Ko te mea nui ake, ka tino whanake ake ōna tioata me te iti ake o ngā pore o roto. Mā tēnei ka taea e ia te hanumi pakari ake, kia ōrite hoki i roto i ā mātou oumu pewa, ka hua ake he tioata corundum he mārō ake, he pakari ake. Kaua e tinihangatia e ngā paura alumina ahumahi iti ake te utu—ko te nui o te tauhohenga me te hanganga koretake ka hua ake he tioata ngoikore te hanganga, ka kore e taea te kī taurangi te pakeke.
Wāhanga Tuarua: Te Rewa—Ko te Wera Kāore i te Rawaka he Mahi Maumau
Koinei te wāhanga tino hira, tino uaua ki te mahi hangarau—arā, te āhua o tā tātou "tākaro ki te ahi." Kia mura te oumu hiko, ko te moni tūturu me te wā whakatau mō te pakeketanga o te hua te mea nui.
Ko te pāmahana te "wairua": Ko te whakarewa i te alumina mā kua whakaranua me neke atu i te 2000°C. Heoi, ehara i te mea he pai ake i ngā wā katoa te teitei ake, kāore hoki e ranea te pupuri i te pāmahana pumau. Ka whai mātou i te "whakamahana pāmahana teitei ōrite." Ko te tikanga me pupuri e te rūma oumu he pāmahana pumau, he ōrite, kia taea ai e te alumina rewa te whakaoti i te tukanga rewa me te whakatioata. Mena ka piki haere te pāmahana, ka noho kore wera rānei ngā wāhi o te rohe, ka puta he "rauemi kāore anō kia rewa" he rohe whakatioata rānei kāore anō kia oti. Ka noho ēnei wāhi hei hononga ngoikore ki te pakeke o te hua. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere tawhito te aromatawai i te āhua o te oumu me te tata ki te tino tika mā te whakarongo noa ki te tangi o te pewa me te mātakitaki i te tae o te mura - i runga i te wheako katoa.
Te Toi o te "Whakapaipai": Kāore e ranea te whakarewa noa; me "tango" ngā poke. I te wā e whakarewahia ana, mā ngā tikanga tika ka piki ake ngā poke māmā (ko ngā silicates te nuinga) ki te mata, ka hanga he paparanga o te "para silica" ka tangohia atu. Mā te tino mahi i tēnei, ka parakore ake te konganuku rewa. Ka hua ake he korundum tioata teitei ake te parakore, ā, nō reira, ka nui ake te pakeke. He rite ki te kohuatia o te hupa pai: mā te tango tonu i te paru ka puta he hupa mārama, he reka, he parakore hoki.
Ko te tere whakamatao te "pa whakakorona": Ehara i te mea ko te whakamatao i muri i te rewa he mea noa iho mā te tuku kia whakamatao noa. He mea nui te whakahaere i te tere whakamatao. Mā te tukanga whakamatao puhoi, ōrite hoki ka whakatairanga i ngā tioata kōrundum nui ake, tino oti ake, me ngā rohe kōhatu mārama ake. Ko ngā kōhatu matotoru, kāore i pakaru ka puta he mārō-pakari pai ake. Heoi, ko te whakamatao tere ka ārai i ngā tioata kia kore e tino whanake, ā, ka puta he ahotea ā-roto nui rawa atu, ka mutu ka whakararu i te pakeke me te pakari. Koia te take e "tunua puhoi" ai ā mātou poro nui - kāore e taea te tere.
Tuatoru o ngā Wāhanga: Te Pakaru me te Whakarōpū—Te Mahi Taratara, Te Mahi Toi Ataahua, Te Tiaki i te Mauri
Ngā puranga nui o te mea kua hanumialumina kua hanumi mākua oti kē te whakarite i te pakeketanga. Engari ki te kore e āta mahia te kuru me te tukatuka i muri mai, ka taea e ia te "whakararu i ā tātou ake mahi", ka whakangaro i te hua pakeketanga teitei i uaua te whiwhi.
He mea nui te tikanga kuru: Kaua rawa e pokatata mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu he nui rawa te kaha o te pānga ka nui rawa te kuru. Ka whakatairangahia e mātou ngā kuru pēnei i ngā kuru hurihuri-rua me ngā kuru kauae e whakamahi ana i ngā mahi "kōpeketanga" me te "kutikuti", ka whakaiti haere i te rauemi mai i ngā poraka nui ki te rahi matūriki e hiahiatia ana. Mā tēnei ka whakanuia te tiaki i te hanganga tioata ā-roto o ngā matūriki, ā, ka whakaitihia te hanganga o ngā kapiti moroiti o roto. Mena ka whakamahia ngā kuru hama mō te pānga kaha, he maha ngā matūriki ka āhua ora tonu i waho engari ka pāngia e te kino nui o roto. Ka pakaru aua paura moroiti i raro i te taumahatanga i te wā e whakamahia ana, ka kore e whai tikanga te pakeke o te rauemi.
He mea nui te tika o te whakarōpūtanga: Ka kitea te pakeketanga mā roto i ngā matūriki takitahi. Mena he whānui rawa te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki—ko ētahi matūriki he matotoru rawa, ko ētahi he angiangi rawa—ka pāngia te kaiwhakamahi e ngā hua kāore i te ōrite i te wā e pupuhi ana i te onepu, e hanga pokepokea ai rānei. Nā te mea he kore taurite te kaha e whakamahia ana. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakarōpūtanga waipēhi, hau rānei. Mā te whakarōpū i ngā matūriki ki ngā awhe rahi tino tika ka whakarite kia ōrite te rahi o te matūriki i roto i ia puranga. Mā tēnei ka taea e ia matūriki te kawe me te tuku i te kaha, ka whakanui ake i te pakeke whānui me te pai o te huri o te hua. He rite ki te ope taua: ko ngā hōia he rite te teitei me te kaha ka hanga i tētahi kaha kaha; ko te ranunga o ngā teitei me ngā hanganga ka huri hei ope koretake.
He mahi pūnaha te whakapakari i te pakeketanga o te alumina mā kua whakaranua. Mai i te whakaurunga o ngā rauemi mata ki te tukunga whakamutunga, me tino tika ia taahiraa. Ka whakamatautauria te pono, te manawanui, me te mahi toi a ā mātou kaihanga. I roto i te mākete whakataetae nui o ēnei rā, e koi haere ana te māramatanga o ngā kaihoko, ko te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hua iti te utu, ki ngā pakanga utu rānei ka arahi noa ki te ara whaiti.
Mā te arotahi tonu—te whakapai ake i ngā rauemi mata kia tino parakore, te matatau ki ngā tikanga whakarewa kia tino tika, me te whakakoi i te tika o te tukatuka—ka taea e ā mātou hua alumina ma te whakakotahi te whakatutuki i te pakeketanga tino pakari. Mā tēnei ka mau tō mātou tūrangawaewae i te mākete utu nui, ā, ka whiwhi i te uara e tika ana mō rātou. Ehara tēnei i te wero hangarau noa iho; koinei te ara tonu ki te oranga me te tipu mō ngā kaihanga alumina ma te whakakotahi.