Kāore pea koe e whakapono, engari i te wiki kua taha ake nei i taku haerenga atu ki tētahi kiritaki tawhito e mahi ana i te tukatuka konganuku, ka rongo ahau i tētahi tangi "whiuwhiu" nui i taku taenga atu ki te awheawhe. I taku tirotiro tata atu, he maha ngā kaimahi e mahi ana me ngā pū pupuhi onepu, e rere ana ngā mura i te pānga o te rauemi whakakoi ki ngā wāhanga konganuku. I kite te rangatira, a Old Li, i ahau, ā, ka ruru i tōna mahunga, me te tohu ki tētahi putea whakakoi alumina parauri kua whakaranua ki runga i te whenua: "He tino ānini te whakamahi i tēnei mea. He nui te puehu e puta mai ana, ā, he tere te pakaru me te haehae. Kāore ngā kaimahi e pai ki te mahi i tēnei mahi."
I tūohu ahau ki raro, ka hopu i tētahi ringa oalumina kua hanumi mātauira i mauria mai e mātou, ā, ka hoatu ki tōna ringa: "Whakamātauria tēnei?" I muri i ngā rā e toru, ka waea mai a Old Li ki ahau: "He aha te āhua o tō kirikiri alumina whakakākahu mā? Ehara i te mea he teitei ake te whai huatanga, engari he pai ake te kitea i roto i te awheawhe!" Inaa, i roto i te umanga maimoatanga mata, ko te whiriwhiri i te kirikiri whakakākahu tika he rite ki te kaimahi tunu kai e whiriwhiri ana i te maripi tika - he rerekētanga nui. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te kirikiri alumina whakakākahu mā, ōna painga tino pai, me te wāhi e taea ai te whakamahi i ngā huarahi e kore pea e tumanakohia e koe, e kore pea e tumanakohia.
I. Me kōrero tātou mō te rauemi tonu: Arumina Whakakotahi Ma
Ko te alumina ma kua hanumihia, he rauemi i hangaia mā te rewa me te whakakākano anō i te bauxite kounga teitei i roto i te oumu hiko i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 2000°C. Ko tōna wāhanga matua ko te α-alumina, neke atu i te 99% te parakore. He kōrero tawhito kei roto i tā mātou umanga: "Ko te alumina ma kua hanumihia, he nati uaua ki te pakaru," e pā ana ki tōna pakeke Mohs o te 9.0, tuarua ki te taimana anake. Nā tēnei parakore me te pakeke teitei, he rauemi pai mō ngā "mahi uaua" pēnei i te pupuhi onepu.
He maha ngā kaihanga i tūtaki ahau i te tīmatanga i whakaaro he rite tonu te whakamahi i te onepū, ahakoa te momo whakakoi. Engari i muri i te whakamahinga ka mōhio rātou ko te whiriwhiri i te momo whakakoi te mea e whakatau tika ana i te hua whakamutunga me te utu whānui. He rite ki te tapahi mīti ki te maripi koi, ki te maripi koi; e rua ngā mea e tapahi ana, engari he nui te rerekētanga.
II. E rima ngā Painga Matua o te Whakapūtanga Oneone Alumina Ma
Tuatahi, he tino pakari, he roa hoki te ora.
Me te mea noate pupuhi onepu alumina parauri kua hanumi, me whakakī anō te rauemi i ngā wā katoa, ā, he matotoru rawa te puehu, kāore e kitea tetahi mea. He tino uara te alumina mā kua hanumihia mō tōna pakeketanga me tōna pakari pai, ā, he ātete ki te pakaru i te wā e pāngia ana. I whakahaerehia e mātou ngā whakamātautau whakatairite, ā, i raro i te pēhanga me ngā āhuatanga mahi ōrite, ko te whakamahinga o te alumina mā kua hanumihia he 30%-40% iti iho i te alumina parauri kua hanumihia. Kaua e whakaititia tēnei tatauranga; mō ngā wheketere nui e whakamahi ana i ētahi tana o ngā rauemi whakakoi i te rā, he nui te moni e penapenahia ana i roto i te tau hei hoko i tētahi motuka pai.
Tuarua, he tere, he whai hua hoki tana mahi.
He tino ōrite te āhua o ngā matūriki alumina mā kua hanumihia, ko te nuinga he porowhita koi te koki. Ina whakaatahia i te tere tere, ka rite tēnei āhua ki ngā taputapu tapahi iti maha, e whakarato ana i te kaha tapahi tino pai. Mō te horoi i te wāhi kotahi o ngā mea whakarewa, ka taea e te alumina mā kua hanumihia te penapena tata ki te haurua o te wā ki te whakataurite ki te onepu quartz noa. I huri te whare hanga o Old Wang ki te alumina mā kua hanumihia i te tau kua hipa, ā, ko te tukanga pupuhi onepu, i mua i hiahiatia kia toru ngā huringa, ka taea inaianei te whakaoti i roto i ngā huringa e rua, ka penapena nui i ngā utu mahi.
Tuatoru, ka puta he hua kounga teitei me te kounga pumau.
Me tere te pupuhi onepū, me kounga teitei hoki. Kua pupuhihia te mata kialumina kua hanumi mā He rite te taratara, ā, kāore e whakaatu i te koretake. Ina koa mō ngā mea mahi e hiahiatia ana pērā i te kowiri tira me ngā koranu konumohe, ka hua ake he mata hiriwa-mā te whakamahi i te onepū alumina hanumi mā, kāore he poke kua whakaurua, ka whakarato i te turanga tino pai mō te peita me te whakakikorua hiko i muri mai. I kite tētahi o ā mātou kiritaki, he kaihanga taputapu kīhini kounga teitei, i te whakapainga nui o te kounga o te mata hua i muri i te huri ki te onepū alumina hanumi mā, ā, ka piki ake te 30% o ngā ota kaweake.
Tuawhā, he kōwhiringa "hoa ki te taiao".
E mōhio ana te katoa ki te tino kaha o ngā ture taiao i ēnei rā.Alumini mā kua hanumiHe iti ake te puehu e puta mai ana i te onepū i ērā atu momo whakakoi. Tuatahi, nā te mea he tino parakore, he kounga teitei hoki, ka iti ake te puehu e taea te manawa; tuarua, nā te roa o te mahi ka taea te whakamahi anō, ā, ka whakaitihia te tukunga puehu katoa. Hei tāpiri, kāore he silica kore utu i roto i te alumina mā kua whakaranua, ka ārai i te silicosis, ka marino ai te hinengaro o ngā kaimahi. Mai i te hurihanga o te awheawhe o Old Li ki te alumina mā kua whakaranua, kua heke te auau o te whakakapinga i ngā putea tātari kohikohi puehu mai i te kotahi i te marama ki te kotahi i ia toru marama, he whakahekenga utu tūturu tēnei.
Tuarima, he "whānui te whakamahinga."
Mai i ngā taputapu hauora tino tika ki ngā pereti maitai kaipuke nunui, ka taea e te onepū alumina ma te whakakotahi te whakahaere i ngā mea katoa. He rerekē ki ētahi mea whakakoi motuhake, ehara i te mea "ngāwari" pērā. Mā te whakarerekē i te rahi o te kirikiri (mai i te mata matotoru 16 ki te mata pai 240, ki te mata pai ake rānei) me te pēhanga pupuhi, ka taea e ia te whakahaere i te horoi taumaha me te whakaoti pai. Nā tēnei ngāwari ka "mahi maha" i roto i te maha o ngā wheketere.
III. Kei hea e taea ai te whakamahi i te pupuhi alumina ma?
I muri i te kōrero mō ōna painga maha, me titiro tātou ki ngā wāhi e taea ai te whakamahi:
1. Ahumahi rererangi: He māngai mō te "hangarau-tiketike me te tika"
He tino uaua ngā whakaritenga mō te maimoatanga mata o ngā mata o te miihini rererangi, ngā taputapu taunga, me ngā momo wāhanga rererangi. E rua ngā mahi matua o te pupuhi alumina whakakā mā i konei: tuatahi, te tango i ngā paparanga waikura me ngā hapa iti mai i te mata o te wāhanga; tuarua, te hanga i tētahi paparanga ahotea ōrite hei whakapai ake i te roa o te ora o ngā wāhanga. I toro atu ahau ki tētahi kamupene e whakatika ana i ngā rererangi, ā, ko te alumina whakakā mā anake tā rātou e whakamahi ana hei pupuri i te pumau o te kounga.
2. Te hanga me te whakatika waka: He kaha nui i roto i tētahi mākete nui, kanorau hoki
Mai i te horoi me te whakapakari i ngā poraka miihini, ngā porowhita, me ngā taputapu i roto i ngā motuka hou, tae atu ki te tango waikura me te peita i te wā e whakahoutia ana ngā motuka tawhito, ko te alumina mā kua whakaranua te mea pai rawa atu. Ina koa mō ngā paepae pākahiko konumohe me ngā whare motuka o ngā waka hiko hou, he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga mō te horoi me te taratara o te mata, he nui ake te kitea o ngā painga o te pupuhi alumina mā kua whakaranua.
3. Te umanga pokepokea ai: "Te whakapaipai" me te "whakaroa i te roa o te ora" o ngā pokepokea ai
Ka kohia e ngā pokepoke werohanga, ngā pokepoke whakarewa-mate, me ngā pokepoke karāhe ngā karawarawa iti, ngā putunga waro, ngā toenga rānei i roto i te wā. Ka taea e te pupuhi alumina ma kua whakakotahihia te whakatika whakamiharo i ēnei hapa iti, te tango i ngā toenga, me te hanga i tētahi kakano mata ōrite e āwhina ana i te tangohanga me te kore e whakarerekē i te tika o ngā āhuatanga. He maha ngā kaihanga pokepoke mohio e kī ana mā te tiaki auau me te pupuhi alumina ma kua whakakotahihia ka taea te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te pokepoke mā te hautoru.
4. Ngā hua kowiri tira me te hangarau whakapaipai: Ko te "ataahua" te mea nui
Ahakoa he kāpata maitai kore waikura kounga teitei, he panera ararewa, he pakitara ārai me ngā whakairo whare rānei, kei te piki haere te rongonui o te mutunga matte. Ka taea e te pahūtanga alumina ma te whakakotahi te whakarato i ngā momo pānga whakapaipai ka taea te whakahaere, mai i ngā kakano pai ki ngā mutunga matte ōrite, ā, he roa te mau o ngā pānga, he rerekē ki te whakairo matū e taea ai te whakaputa hua koretake.
5. Te Hanga kaipuke me te Ahumahi Taumaha: Te Whakatau i ngā "Tangata Nui"
Ngā papa kaipuke, ngā piriti rino nunui, me ngā tāke rokiroki – me tango pai te waikura me te piri pai hoki o te paninga mō ēnei hanganga nunui.Alumini mā kua hanumi, me ōna āheinga horoi whai hua me te utu iti, kei a ia tētahi tūranga pakari i roto i tēnei mara. Ina koa i roto i te whakatikatika kaipuke, me horoi ngā wāhi nui o te anga i roto i te wā poto, kāore e taea te whakakapi i te painga whai hua o te alumina ma kua whakaranua.
6. Ētahi Taupānga Kāore i te Ohoreretia
Hei tauira, mō te horoi me te whakaora i ngā mata kōhatu o ngā whakamaharatanga tawhito, ka taea e te alumina mā te whakakotahi te tango tika i ngā paparanga paru me te kore e kino te taonga tuku iho; i roto i te umanga haurua-ira, e whakamahia ana mō te horoi auau o ētahi poti wafer; ā, ahakoa i roto i te mahi rakau kounga teitei, e whakamahia ana hei hanga kakano ahurei ki runga i ngā mata rakau mārō.
IV. Ngā Mea hei Maharahara i te Wā e Whakamahi Ana
Heoi anō, ehara te alumina mā i te "rongoa mō ngā mea katoa," ā, ka tutuki tōna uara mōrahi ina whakamahia tika. Anei ētahi whakaaro: Mō ngā rauemi tino ngohengohe (pērā i ētahi konganuku kore-ferrous me ngā kirihou), āta whiriwhiria te rahi me te pēhanga o te matūriki kia kore ai e tapahia nui. Me ōrite ngā taputapu pupuhi, ā, he mea nui te pūnaha hangarua pai kia tino whakamahia ai ōna painga hangarua me te whakaiti i ngā utu. Ahakoa he pai ki te taiao, he mea nui tonu ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro; he mea nui ngā mōhiti haumaru, ngā kopare puehu, me ngā kākahu mahi ngaio.