Te hura i ngā āhuatanga ahurei me ngā tūmanakohanga tono o te paura moroiti karāhe silicon matomato
I roto i te ao rauemi hangarau teitei o ēnei rā, kei te noho haere te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato hei arotahi mā te hapori pūtaiao rauemi me ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū ahurei. Kua whakaatuhia e tēnei matū i hangaia mai i ngā huānga waro me te silicon he whānuitanga o ngā tono i roto i ngā mara ahumahi maha nā tōna hanganga tioata motuhake me te mahi tino pai. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato me tōna pūmanawa tono i roto i ngā mara rerekē.
1. Ngā āhuatanga taketake o te paura moroiti karāhe silicon matomato
He rauemi tino mārō te silicon carbide matomato (SiC) ā, nō roto i tētahi hononga honohono. He pūnaha hexagonal tōna hanganga tioata me te whakaritenga rite ki te taimana. Ko te paura moroiti silicon carbide matomato e pā ana ki ngā hua paura he whānuitanga te rahi o te matūriki i waenga i te 0.1-100 microns, ā, he rerekē ngā tae mai i te kakariki mārama ki te kakariki pouri nā te rerekētanga o te parakore me te ihirangi poke.
Mai i te hanganga moroiti, ka hangaia e ia ngota silicon i roto i te karaihe silicon carbide matomato he hononga tetrahedral me ngā ngota waro e whā. Mā tēnei hanganga hononga covalent kaha ka tino pakari te rauemi me te pumau matū. He mea tika kia mōhio ko te pakeke Mohs o te silicon carbide matomato ka eke ki te 9.2-9.3, tuarua ki te taimana me te cubic boron nitride, e kore ai e taea te whakakapi i roto i te mara o ngā mea whakakoi.
2. Ngā āhuatanga ahurei o te paura moroiti karāhe silicon matomato
1. Ngā āhuatanga miihini tino pai
Ko te āhuatanga tino kitea o te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato ko tōna pakeketanga tino teitei. Ka taea e tōna pakeketanga Vickers te eke ki te 2800-3300kg/mm², ā, he pai te mahi ina tukatukahia ngā rauemi pakeke. I taua wā anō, he pai te kaha pēhi o te silicon carbide matomato, ā, ka taea tonu te pupuri i te kaha ā-ringa teitei i ngā pāmahana teitei. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao tino kino.
2. Ngā āhuatanga wera tino pai
Ko te kawe wera o te karawiti silicon matomato he teitei ki te 120-200W/(m·K), arā, e 3-5 ngā wā i te maitai noa. Nā te kawe wera pai rawa atu, he mea tino pai hei rauemi whakamarara wera. Ko te mea whakamiharo ake ko te tauwehenga whānui wera o te karawiti silicon matomato he 4.0×10⁻⁶/℃ anake, ko te tikanga he tino pumau te āhua ina huri te pāmahana, ā, e kore e puta he rerekētanga kitea nā te whānui me te whakahekenga wera.
3. Te pumau matū tino pai
Mō ngā āhuatanga matū, he tino kaha te koretake o te karawiti silicon matomato. Ka taea e ia te ātete ki te waikura o te nuinga o ngā waikawa, te kawakore me ngā otinga tote, ā, ka taea te noho pumau ahakoa i ngā pāmahana teitei. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau ka taea tonu e te karawiti silicon matomato te pupuri i te pumau pai i roto i te taiao waikura i raro i te 1000℃, e āhei ai te whakamahi mō te wā roa i roto i ngā taiao waikura.
4. Ngā āhuatanga hiko motuhake
He rauemi haurua-ā-rohe whānui te karawiti silicon matomato, ā, ko te whānui o te āputa o te 3.0eV, he nui ake i te 1.1eV o te silicon. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā ngaohiko me ngā pāmahana teitei ake, ā, he painga motuhake anō hoki tōna i roto i te ao o ngā taputapu hiko mana. Hei tāpiri, he nui anō hoki te nekenekehanga irahiko o te karawiti silicon matomato, e āhei ai te whakawhanake i ngā taputapu auau-teitei.
3. Te tukanga whakarite o te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato
Ko te nuinga o te wā, ko te tukanga Acheson te tikanga mō te whakarite i te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato. Ka whakaranua e tēnei tikanga te onepu quartz me te petroleum coke i tētahi ōwehenga, ka whakamahanahia ki te 2000-2500℃ i roto i te oumu ātete hei tauhohenga. Ko te silicon carbide matomato poraka i hangaia e te tauhohenga ka pāngia e ngā tukanga pēnei i te kuru, te whakarōpū, me te whakamātao kia puta ai ngā hua paura iti o ngā rahi matūriki rerekē.
I ngā tau tata nei, me te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kua puta ake ētahi tikanga whakarite hou. Ka taea e te matū whakapūmau mamaoa (CVD) te whakarite i te paura silicon carbide matomato nano-tauine teitei; ka taea e te tikanga sol-gel te whakahaere tika i te rahi o te matūriki me te āhua o te paura; ka taea e te tikanga plasma te whakatutuki i te whakaputa tonu me te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa. Mā ēnei tukanga hou ka nui ake ngā huarahi mō te arotau i te mahi me te whakawhānui i te tono o te paura iti silicon carbide matomato.
4. Ngā wāhi tono matua o te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato
1. Te huri me te whakakoi tika
Hei mea whakakoi tino mārō, ka whakamahia whānuitia te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato i roto i te tukatuka tika o te carbide sima, te uku, te karāhe me ētahi atu rauemi. I roto i te umanga semiconductor, ka whakamahia te paura silicon carbide matomato parakore teitei mō te whakakanapa i ngā anga silicon, ā, he pai ake tana mahi tapahi i ērā o ngā mea whakakoi alumina tuku iho. I roto i te mara o te tukatuka wāhanga whatu, ka taea e te paura silicon carbide matomato te whakatutuki i te taratara mata nano-tauine me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tukatuka o ngā wāhanga whatu tino tika.
2. Ngā rauemi uku matatau
He rauemi mata nui te paura karāhe silicon matomato mō te whakarite i ngā uku mahi-teitei. Ka taea te hanga i ngā uku hanganga me ngā āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu me te pumau wera mā te pēhi wera, mā te tukanga sintering tauhohenga rānei. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o tēnei momo rauemi uku i roto i ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i ngā hiri miihini, ngā peera, me ngā pūwero, inā koa i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua pēnei i te pāmahana teitei me te waikura.
3. Ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu haurua-ira
I roto i te ao hiko, ka whakamahia te paura karawiti silicon matomato hei hanga rauemi haurua-āputa whānui. Ko ngā taputapu hiko e hangai ana ki te karawiti silicon matomato he āhuatanga mahi auau teitei, ngaohiko teitei, me te pāmahana teitei, ā, e whakaatu ana i te kaha nui i roto i ngā waka hiko hou, ngā whatunga atamai me ētahi atu mara. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā taputapu hiko karawiti silicon matomato te whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao neke atu i te 50% ki te whakataurite ki ngā taputapu e hangai ana ki te silicon tuku iho.
4. Whakapakari whakakotahi
Mā te tāpiri i te paura karāhe silicon carbide matomato hei wāhanga whakapakari ki tētahi anga whakarewa, ki tētahi anga polymer rānei, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha, te pakeke me te ātete ki te kakahu o te rauemi hiato. I roto i te ao rererangi, ka whakamahia ngā hiato karāhe silicon carbide i ahu mai i te konumohe hei hanga i ngā wāhanga hanganga mama me te kaha teitei; i roto i te umanga motuka, he tino pai te ātete o ngā papa pēraki i whakapakarihia ki te karāhe silicon carbide ki te pāmahana teitei.
5. Ngā rauemi me ngā paninga ātete-waikura
Mā te whakamahi i te pumau pāmahana teitei o te silicon carbide matomato, ka taea te whakarite i ngā rauemi ātete-teitei. I roto i te umanga whakarewa maitai, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā pereki ātete-silicon carbide i roto i ngā taputapu pāmahana teitei pērā i ngā oumu pupuhi me ngā kaitahuri. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā paninga silicon carbide te whakarato i te tiaki pai rawa atu mō te kakahu me te waikura mō te rauemi turanga, ā, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā taputapu matū, ngā mata tāpoi me ētahi atu mara.