I ētahi rā kua pahure ake nei, i a māua e kōrero ana ki tētahi hoa mō te tī, ā, ka mea ia me te kata, "Ko te alumina e rangahauhia tonutia ana e kōrua, ehara i te mea koinei anake te rauemi mata mō ngā kapu uku me te pepa kirikiri?" Nā tēnei i kore ai ahau e kōrero. Ina hoki, ki ngā kanohi o te tangata noa,paura konumohehe rauemi ahumahi noa iho, engari i roto i tā tātou porowhita hangarau koiora, he "mahi maha" huna. I tēnei rā, me kōrero tātou mō te urunga puku mai o tēnei paura ma ki te mara o ngā pūtaiao koiora.
I. Tīmata mai i te Whare Hauora Orthopedic
Ko te mea tino miharo ki ahau ko te huihuinga wheua i tae atu ahau i tērā tau. I whakaatuhia e tētahi ahorangi tawhito ngā raraunga whai muri tekau mā rima tau mō ngā whakakapinga hononga horihori uku alumina—me te reiti ora neke atu i te 95%, i miharo ai ngā tākuta taitamariki katoa i tae atu. He aha i whiriwhiri ai i te alumina? He nui ngā pūtaiao kei muri. Tuatahi, he tino teitei tōna pakeke, ā, he kaha ake tōna ātete ki te kakahu i ngā rauemi whakarewa tuku iho. Ka tu atu ō tātou hononga tangata ki ngā mano tini o ngā waku i ia rā. Ka puta he paru kakahu i roto i ngā prostheses whakarewa-ki-te-kirihou tuku iho i roto i te wā, ka puta te mumura me te mimiti o te wheua. Heoi, ko te reiti kakahu o ngā uku alumina he kotahi ōrau noa iho o ngā rauemi tuku iho, he ahua hou i roto i te mahi haumanu.
He pai ake anō hoki tōna hototahitanga ki te koiora. Kua whakahaerehia e tā mātou taiwhanga ngā whakamātautau ahurea pūtau, ā, kua kitea he pai ake te piri me te horapa o ngā osteoblast ki te mata o te alumina i ētahi mata whakarewa. Koinei te take, i roto i te haumanu, ka tino kaha te piri o ngā prostheses alumina ki te wheua. Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhio ehara i te mea ko tetahi noa ihopaura konumoheka taea te whakamahi. Me neke atu i te 99.9% te parakore o te alumina kounga-hauora, me te rahi o te kōhao tioata e whakahaeretia ana i te taumata micron, ā, me whai tukanga sintering motuhake. He rite ki te tunu kai—ka taea e te tote noa me te tote moana te whakamātao i te kai, engari ko ngā wharekai papai e whiriwhiri ana i te tote mai i ngā pūtake motuhake.
II. Te "Kaitiaki Kāore e Kitea" i roto i te Niho
Mena kua tae koe ki tētahi whare niho hou, kua tūtaki pea koe ki te alumina. He maha ngā karauna uku rongonui he mea hanga mai i te paura uku alumina. E rua ngā raruraru o ngā karauna uku-whakarewa tuku iho: tuatahi, ka pā te whakarewa ki te ataahua, ā, ka ngawari te kikorangi o te raina kapia; tuarua, he mate pāwera ētahi tāngata ki te whakarewa. Mā ngā karauna uku-whakarewa alumina ēnei raruraru e whakatau. He tino rite tōna mārama ki ngā niho tūturu, ā, he tino tūturu ngā whakahoutanga ka puta, me titiro tata atu ngā tākuta niho kia kitea te rerekētanga. I whakamahia e tētahi tohunga niho matua e mōhio ana ahau he kupu whakarite tino tika: "He rite te paura uku alumina ki te paraoa pokepoke—he tino ngāwari te whakakorikori, ā, ka taea te hanga ki ngā āhua rerekē; engari i muri i te whakakorikori, ka pakeke pērā i te kōhatu, he kaha ki te pakaru i ngā nati (ahakoa kāore mātou e tūtohu kia pērā)." Ko te mea rongonui ake i ngā tau tata nei ko ngā karauna alumina tā-3D. Mā te matawai me te hoahoa mamati, ka tāia tika mā te whakamahi i te paru alumina, ka tutuki te tika o ngā tekau maikiromita. Ka taea e ngā tūroro te haere mai i te ata, ā, ka taea e rātou te wehe atu me ō rātou karauna i te ahiahi—he mea kāore i taea te whakaaro i ngā tau tekau ki muri.
III. "Whakaterenga Tika" i roto i ngā Pūnaha Tukunga Rongoā
He tino whakamere te rangahau i tēnei mara. Nā te mea he maha ngā pae hohe o te paura alumina i runga i tōna mata, ka taea e ia te mimiti i ngā ngota rongoā pērā i te aukume, kātahi ka tukuna mārire. Kua whakahaerehia e tā mātou tīma ngā whakamātautau mā te whakamahi i ngā porowhita iti alumina porous kua whakakiia ki ngā rongoā ārai matepukupuku. Ko te kukū o te rongoā i te wāhi pukupuku e 3-5 ngā wā teitei ake i ngā tikanga tuku rongoā tuku iho, ā, i tino whakaitihia ngā pānga taha pūnaha. Ehara i te mea uaua ki te mārama ki te kaupapa: mā te hangapaura aluminar ki ngā matūriki nano-, moroiti rānei, me te whakarerekē i te mata, ka taea te hono atu ki ngā ngota arotahi, pērā i te hoatu i te rongoā he pūnaha "whakatere GPS" hei haere tika ki te whara. Heoi anō, ka pirau te alumina ki ngā katote konumohe i roto i te tinana, ka taea te whakapūtā e te tinana i ngā horopeta noa, ā, e kore e kohia mō te wā roa. I kōrero mai tētahi hoa mahi e ako ana i te rongoā arotahi mō te mate pukupuku ate ki ahau i whakamahia e rātou ngā nanoparticles alumina hei tuku i ngā rongoā chemotherapy, ka whakanui ake i te tere aukati pukupuku mā te 40% i roto i te tauira kiore. "Ko te mea nui ko te whakahaere i te rahi o te matūriki; he pai te 100-200 nanometer—he iti rawa, ā, ka ngāwari te tango atu e ngā whatukuhu, he nui rawa, ā, kāore e taea te tomo ki te kiko pukupuku." Ko tēnei momo taipitopito te kaupapa o te rangahau.
IV. Ngā "Pūoko Tairongo" i roto i ngā Pūoko Koiora
He mahi nui anō hoki tā te Alumina ki te tautuhi wawe i te mate. Ka taea te whakarerekē ngāwari i tōna mata ki ngā momo koiora koiora, pērā i ngā paturopi, ngā whākōkī, me ngā whakamātautau DNA, hei hanga i ngā pūoko koiora tino tairongo. Hei tauira, kei te whakamahi ētahi mita huka toto i ngā maramara pūoko e ahu mai ana i te alumina. Ka tauhohe te huka i roto i te toto ki ngā whākōkī i runga i te maramara hei whakaputa i tētahi tohu hiko, ā, ka whakanuia e te paparanga alumina tēnei tohu, ka tika ake te kitenga. Tērā pea he 15% te reiti hapa o ngā tikanga rīpene whakamātautau tuku iho, engari ka taea e ngā pūoko alumina te pupuri i te hapa i roto i te 5%, he rerekētanga nui mō ngā tūroro mate huka. He mea hou ake anō ngā pūoko e kite ana i ngā tohu koiora mate pukupuku. I te tau kua hipa, i whakaatuhia e tētahi tuhinga i roto i te puka *Biomaterials* ko te whakamahi i ngā rarangi waea nano alumina ki te kite i te antigen motuhake-prostate i hua ake ai he tairongo e rua ngā whakarārangi teitei ake i ngā tikanga tuku iho, ko te tikanga tera pea ka taea te kite i ngā tohu o te mate pukupuku i te wā wawe rawa atu.
V. "Tautoko Tūāpapa" i roto i te Hangarau Kiko
He kaupapa wera te hangarau kiko i roto i te koiora rongoā. He māmā noa iho, ko te whakatipu i te kiko ora i roto i te vitro, kātahi ka whakatōkia ki roto i te tinana. Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui ko te rauemi tūāpapa – me tautoko i ngā pūtau me te kore e pāngia e ngā pānga kino. Kua kitea e ngā tūāpapa alumina porowhita tō rātou wāhi motuhake i konei. Mā te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga, ka taea te hanga i ngā hanganga rite ki te hautai alumina me te porosity neke atu i te 80%, me te rahi o ngā pore e tika ana mō ngā pūtau ki te tipu ki roto, kia rere noa ai ngā matūkai. I whakamātau tā mātou taiwhanga ki te whakamahi i ngā tūāpapa alumina hei whakatipu i te kiko wheua, ā, he pai rawa ngā hua. Kāore i te ora pai noa ngā osteoblast engari i huna hoki i te matrix wheua. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga ko te paku taratara o te mata alumina i whakatairanga i te whakaaturanga mahi pūtau, he ohorere pai.
VI. Ngā Wero me ngā Tūmanako
Ko te tikanga, ko te tono okonumohei roto i te ao hauora, kāore i te kore he wero. Tuatahi, ko te take utu; he uaua te tukanga whakarite mō te alumina kounga-hauora, ā, he maha ngā wā ka nui ake te utu i te alumina kounga-ahumahi. Tuarua, kei te kohikohi tonuhia ngā raraunga haumaru mō te wā roa. Ahakoa he pai te tirohanga o nāianei, me aroturuki tonu te pūtaiao. Hei tāpiri, me rangahau hohonu atu ngā pānga koiora o te nano-alumina. He āhuatanga ahurei ngā rauemi nano, ā, ko te whai hua, ko te kino rānei o ēnei, kei runga i ngā raraunga whakamātautau pakari. Heoi, he mārama ngā tūmanako. Kei te rangahau ētahi tīma i ngā rauemi alumina atamai – hei tauira, ko ngā kaikawe e tuku ana i ngā rongoā i ngā uara pH motuhake anake, i raro rānei i te mahi a ngā whākōkī, i ngā rauemi whakatika wheua rānei e tuku ana i ngā āhuatanga tipu hei whakautu ki ngā huringa ahotea. Mā ngā putanga hou i roto i ēnei wāhanga ka huri i ngā tikanga maimoatanga.
I muri i te rongonga i ēnei mea katoa, ka mea taku hoa, "Kāore au i whakaaro he nui rawa ngā mea kei roto i tēnei paura mā." Ina hoki, he maha ngā wā ka huna te ataahua o te pūtaiao i roto i ngā mea noa. Ko te haerenga o te paura alumina mai i ngā awheawhe ahumahi ki ngā rūma pokanga me ngā taiwhanga e whakaatu pai ana i te ataahua o te rangahau maha-mātauranga. Kei te mahi tahi ngā kaipūtaiao rauemi, ngā tākuta, me ngā tohunga koiora ki te whakaora i tētahi rauemi tuku iho. Ko tēnei mahi tahi maha-mātauranga te mea e akiaki ana i te ahunga whakamua i roto i te rongoā hou.
Nō reira, i te wā e whai ake nei ka kite koe i tētahiwaikura konumohe hua, whakaarohia tēnei: ehara pea i te peihana uku noa iho, i te wira huri rānei; tera pea kei te whakapai marie i te hauora me te oranga o te tangata i roto i tētahi āhua, i roto i tētahi taiwhanga, i tētahi hōhipera rānei i tētahi wāhi. He maha ngā wā ka puta te ahunga whakamua hauora pēnei: ehara i te mea mā roto i ngā putanga whakamiharo, engari he maha atu ngā wā mā roto i ngā rauemi pēnei i te waikura konumohe, e kimi haere ana i ngā tono hou me te whakaoti marie i ngā raruraru mahi. Ko tā tātou e mahi ai ko te pupuri i te hiahia me te hinengaro tuwhera, me te kimi i ngā mea whakamiharo i roto i ngā mea noa.