Mō te mahi pupuhi onepu, e mōhio ana ngā tohunga mohio o tēnei mara he "mahi tino tika" tēnei i roto i te maimoatanga mata. Ina koa ka whakamahiaalumina kua hanumi māhei mea whakakoi, e hiahiatia ana te pūkenga me te wheako. I roto i ngā tau, i a au e mahi ana i te awheawhe, kua kite ahau i te tini o ngā kaimahi hou e raru ana ki te tukanga, ā, nā tēnā i mōhio ai ahau me whai tikanga whakahaere paerewa tā tātou umanga. I tēnei rā, ka whakapuaki ahau i aku tau o te wheako me te matapaki i ngā āhuatanga uaua o te pupuhi onepu alumina ma.
I. Te Whakarite: Te Whakakoi i te Toki i mua i te Tapatapa i te Rakau
Mā te whakarite pai ka māmā ake te tukanga pupuhi onepu. He rauemi pakeke, he rauemi pakari te alumina ma, engari kāore e taea te whakamahi noa. Tuatahi, me āta tirotirohia te rauemi. Whakatuwheratia te putea takai ka tangohia he ringa hei tirotiro. Me ōrite ngā matūriki alumina ma kounga teitei, me te tae mā, he mārama te tae, ā, kāore he poke e kitea ana. Mena he hina te tae, he koretake rānei te rahi o te matūriki, he raruraru kei taua puranga rauemi. He mea nui hoki te tirotiro i ngā taputapu. Me noho te ine pēhanga hau i roto i te awhe 0.6-0.8 MPa. Ka hua ake te pupuhi koretake i te pēhanga, pērā i te ringaringa wiri i te wā e peita ana. Me aro nui ki te pūwero rehu; me ngā mea whakakoi pakeke pērā i te alumina ma, he tere ake te pakaru o te pūwero i ērā atu rauemi. I te nuinga o te wā ka tūtohu ahau kia tirohia i ia 40 hāora mahi, ā, me whakakapi mēnā ka neke ake te pakaru i te kotahi-tekau o te diameter o roto.
He mea nui ngā mahi tiaki mō te haumaru, ehara i te mea mō te whakaaturanga anake. He mea nui katoa te huinga kākahu tiaki katoa, ngā mōhiti haumaru, me te kopare puehu. Kua kite ahau i ngā kaimahi taitamariki e ngana ana ki te penapena wā mā te kore e mau mōhiti haumaru, ā, tata tonu te pa o te kirikiri e pekepeke ana ki ō rātou kanohi. He maha rawa ngā aituā pēnei.
II. Tukanga Whakahaere: Te Tika i Ia Hipanga
Ko te tautuhinga tawhā te "whetu ārahi" o te pupuhi onepu. Ko te kōwhiringa okirikiri kōrunuma māKo te rahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te mea mahi – he pai te kirikiri matotoru (20-40 mata) mō te tango i te unahi waikura matotoru, he pai te kirikiri waenga (60-80 mata) mō te maimoatanga mata whānui, ā, ko te kirikiri pai (100 mata me runga ake) mō ngā wāhanga tino tika. He mea nui anō hoki te koki me te tawhiti: ko te mea pai ko te pū rehu me te mata o te mea mahi kia 60-80 tohu te koki, ā, ko te tawhiti kia 150-300 mirimita. Ki te kore e tika te whakahaere i tēnei tawhiti, ka iti te whai huatanga, ka pakaru rānei te mata o te mea mahi.
Ko te tikanga pupuhi onepu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūkenga. Ina whakaako ahau i aku akonga, he maha aku kupu, "Kia ngāwari tō ringaringa, kia ōrite te neke." Kaua te pū rehu e noho ki te wāhi kotahi; me neke whakamua, kia ōrite, pērā i te peita. Me whakahaere te wāhi taupatupatu ki te hautoru kia kore ai e "ngā rārangi" kāore i te ōrite. Mō ngā mahi uaua, me mahi tuatahi koe i ngā taha, i ngā awaawa, me ētahi atu wāhi uaua, kātahi ka mahi i ngā mata papatahi nunui. Ki te hurihia tēnei raupapa, ka tino ngoikore te pānga maimoatanga ki ngā taha. Ko te whakahaere kounga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mātakitaki me te wheako. Kia pēhea te nui o te pupuhi e ranea ana? E whakawhirinaki ana tēnei ki te rauemi o te mahi me ngā whakaritenga maimoatanga. Mō te tango waikura hanganga maitai whānui, me kite koe i te konganuku tahanga; ki te mea hei whakanui ake i te piri o te paninga, he rawaka te taratara o te mata. He tikanga māmā tāku: i muri i te pupuhi, pā atu ki te mata ki tō ringaringa. Ki te mea he rite ki te mutunga matte ōrite me te kore he ira taratara, maeneene rānei, ka kiia te mahi he tika.
III. Ngā Whakatūpato: Ngā Tohutohu Hira i runga i te Wheako
He maha ngā wāhi ka tino pāngia e ngā raruraru mete pupuhi onepu korundum mā, ā, me whakanui ake e au. Tuatahi ko te whakahaere puehu. He tino pai te puehu e puta mai ana i te korundum mā, ā, ka roa te noho iri. Me pai te hauhautanga o te awheawhe, ā, me tika te mahi a ngā taputapu kohikohi puehu. Kua kite ahau i ētahi wheketere iti e whakaweto ana, e whakakā ana i ā rātou kohikohi puehu hei penapena hiko, e whakanui ana i te tūponotanga o ngā kaimahi ki te pāngia e te pneumoconiosis. He iti te moni e penapenahia ana e tēnei engari he nui te mate. Tuarua, ko te hangarua rauemi. Ehara i te mea iti te utu o te korundum mā, nō reira me hangarua kia rite ki te taea. Heoi, kia mahara me tātari te korundum mā hangarua hei tango i te paura pai me ngā poke, kātahi ka whakaranua ki te rauemi hou i te ōwehenga e tika ana. Ko te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hangarua anake kāore e puta he hua pai, ko te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hou anake he tino utu nui. Ko te ōwehenga o te 3:7 (ngā rauemi hou ki ngā rauemi tawhito) e kiia ana he pai rawa atu.
He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia te tiaki taputapu. I muri i te mahi o ia rā, me whakakore te toenga o ngā rauemi whakakoi i roto i te mīhini pupuhi onepu, inā koa i te rangi makuku, nā te mea ka piri tahi te korundum mā. Me tirotirohia ngā paipa i ia wā mō te pakaru me te turuturu. Ki te kore e aro ki ēnei kōrero iti, ka raru pea ngā taputapu, ka whakaroa i te whakaputanga me te utu whakatikatika nui.
IV. Ōku Māramatanga
Whai muri i ngā tau maha o te mahi pupuhi onepu, ki taku whakaaro ehara te whakapūmautanga i te huri i te tangata hei mīhini, engari ko te tuku i ngā wheako nui. He mahi tinihanga iti tā ia kaimahi mātau. Hei tauira, i te wā e pupuhi onepu ana i ngā pepa angiangi rawa, ka whakaitihia e au te pēhanga mā te 0.1 MPa; i te wā e mahi ana me ngā koranu konumohe, ka waiho e au te pū rehu kia tawhiti atu. Kāore pea ēnei taipitopito i tuhia mārama ki roto i ngā tikanga whakahaere, engari he mea nui hei whakarite i te kounga.
Kaua ngā rangatahi e ako ana i tēnei hangarau e whakawhirinaki noa ki ngā pukapuka ako me ngā tikanga ako maumahara; me horoi ō rātou ringa, me āta tirotiro hoki. He maha aku kōrero ki aku ākonga: "I roto i te mahi pupuhi onepu, me koi ngā kanohi, me pūmau ngā ringa, me āta whakaaro." Ko te tirotiro i ngā panonitanga o te mata e pupuhihia ana, me te rongo i te wiri o te pū rehu – he mea wheako ēnei e hiahia ana ki te wā hei kohikohi.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakapūmautanga o tekōrunuma māKo te whāinga o te tukanga pupuhi onepu he whakapai ake i te kounga o te hua me te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā kaimahi. Engari he pakari ngā paerewa, engari he ngāwari te urutau a te tangata. I roto i te mahi, me whai tātou i ngā aratohu me te noho ngāwari hoki. Ko tāku tumanako ka whai hua ēnei wheako ki te katoa, ā, e mihi ana ahau ki ngā hoa tohunga ki te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro me te āwhina kia ngaio ake tā tātou umanga.