E mōhio ana te hunga kua mahi i roto i ngā ahumahi whakakoi, whakakākahu, uku rānei ki tēnākāpira silicon matomatoHe tino uaua te mahi ki te paura iti. He rite te pakeke o tēnei rauemi ki te taimana, ā, he pai rawa te kawe wera me te hiko, ā, he pai mō te huri tika, mō ngā mea whakakā wera kounga teitei, me ngā uku motuhake. Heoi, kāore e ranea te whakaaro noa ki tōna pakeke hei whakamahi pai – he nui atu ngā āhuatanga o tēnei paura matomato noa i tua atu i te mea e kitea ana e te kanohi. Ko te mea nui kei roto i te "rahi o te matūriki."
He maha ngā kōrero a ngā kaihanga rauemi mātau, "Ina aromatawaihia he rauemi, tirohia tuatahi te paura; ina aromatawaihia te paura, tirohia tuatahi ngā matūriki." He pono rawa tēnei. Ko te rahi o te matūriki o te paura moroiti silicon carbide matomato e whakatau tika ana mēnā he rawa kaha, he arai nui rānei i roto i ngā tono o muri mai. I tēnei rā, ka rukuhia e tātou te whakahaere i tēnei rahi matūriki me ngā wero hangarau e pā ana ki te whakatutuki i tēnei whakahaere.
I. "Te Huri" me te "Wehenga": He "Tukanga Pokanga" Taumata-Maikoron
Hei whiwhi i te tino paipaura moroiti karawiti silicon matomato, ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te "wahi" i ngā tioata karāhe kakariki nui. Ehara tēnei i te mea ngāwari pēnei i te pakaru ki te hama, engari he tukanga uaua e hiahia ana kia tino tika.
Ko te tikanga matua ko te kuru ā-ringa. Ahakoa te ahua taratara, he tino āta whakahaere. Ko ngā mira pōro te "papa whakangungu" tino noa, engari mā te whakamahi i ngā pōro maitai noa ka taea te whakauru ngāwari i ngā paru rino. Ko ngā tikanga matatau ake inaianei ka whakamahia ngā arai uku me ngā pōro kuru silicon carbide, zirconia rānei hei whakarite i te parakore. Kāore e ranea te mira pōro anake; hei whiwhi i te paura moroiti pai ake, kia ōrite ake, inā koa i raro i te 10 micrometer (µm), ka whakamahia te "mira hau". Ka whakamahia e tēnei tikanga te rere o te hau tere hei mea kia tukinga ngā matūriki me te pakaru i te waku, ka iti ake te poke me te tohatoha rahi matūriki. Ka whai wāhi te kuru mākū ina hiahiatia ngā paura tino pai (hei tauira, i raro i te 1 µm). Ka ārai pai i te kohikohinga paura, ka hua ake he paru me te marara pai ake.
Heoi, kāore e ranea te "kuru" noa; ko te hangarau matua kei roto i te "whakarōpūtanga." He rerekē te rahi o ngā paura i hangaia mā te kuru, ā, ko tā mātou whāinga he whiriwhiri i te whānuitanga rahi e hiahiatia ana. He rite tēnei ki te whiriwhiri i ngā matūriki onepu me te diameter o te 0.5 ki te 0.6 mirimita mai i te puranga onepu. Ko ngā mīhini whakarōpū hau maroke te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā, e whakamahi ana i te kaha porotītaha me te aerodynamics hei wehe i ngā paura matotoru me ngā paura pai me te tino whai hua me te putanga nui. Engari he raruraru: ina pai te paura (hei tauira, i raro i te torutoru maikiromita), ka piri ngā matūriki nā ngā kaha van der Waals (whakakotahitanga), ka uaua ki ngā kaiwhakarōpū hau te wehewehe tika i a rātou i runga i te rahi o ia matūriki. I tēnei take, he pai te whakarōpūtanga mākū (pēnei i te whakarōpūtanga porotītaha), engari he uaua te tukanga, ā, ka piki ake te utu.
Nō reira, e kite ana koe, ko te tukanga whakahaere rahi matūriki katoa he pakanga tonu, he taupatupatu hoki i waenganui i te "kuru" me te "whakarōpūtanga." Ko te whāinga o te kuru ko ngā matūriki pai ake, engari ko ngā matūriki pai rawa ka ngāwari ki te kohikohi, ka ārai i te whakarōpūtanga; ko te whāinga o te whakarōpūtanga ko te tika ake, engari he maha ngā wā ka uaua ki ngā paura pai kua kohikohia. Ko te nuinga o te wā e pau ana i ngā kaihangarau ki te whakataurite i ēnei tono taupatupatu.
II. "Ngā Ārai" me ngā "Otinga": Ngā Tataramoa me te Māramatanga i te Ara ki te Whakahaere i te Rahi o te Matūriki
Ko te whakahaere pono i te rahi o te matūriki o te paura iti o te silicon carbide matomato ehara i te mea ko te kuru me te whakarōpū noa iho. He maha ngā "arai" tūturu e arai ana, ā, ki te kore e whakatikahia, kāore e taea te whakahaere tika.
Ko te arai tuatahi ko te urupare kino i puta mai i te "pakeketanga".Karāhe silicon matomatoHe tino uaua, he nui te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei kuru, ka hua ake he pakaru nui o ngā taputapu. I te wā e huri ana i ngā mea tino pai rawa atu, ka puta he nui o ngā poke i te pakaru o ngā mea huri me ngā raina. Ka uru ēnei poke ki roto i te hua, ka whakararu i tōna parakore. Ka koretake tō mahi uaua katoa ki te whakahaere i te rahi o te matūriki mena he nui rawa ngā taumata poke. I tēnei wā, kei te tino whakawhanake te umanga i ngā mea huri me ngā rauemi raina ātete-kakahu, me te whakapai ake i ngā hanganga taputapu, hei whawhai ki tēnei "taika uaua."
Ko te tuarua o ngā taika ko te "ture kukume" i roto i te ao o ngā paura pai - te whakakotahitanga. Ko te pai ake o ngā matūriki, ko te nui ake o te horahanga mata motuhake, me te teitei ake o te kaha o te mata; he tikanga noa iho ka "pupuhi ngātahi" rātou. Ka taea e tēnei whakakotahitanga te "pupuhi ngāwari" (e puritia ana e ngā kaha i waenga i ngā ngota ngota, pērā i ngā kaha van der Waals, he ngāwari ki te pakaru), ko te "pupuhi mārō" kaha ake rānei (i te wā e kuruhia ana, e whakapūmautia ana rānei, ka rewa te mata o ngā matūriki, ka pāngia rānei e ngā tauhohenga matū, ka piri tahi). Kia puta ngā whakakotahitanga, ka whakaahuahia hei "matūriki nui" i roto i ngā taputapu tātari rahi matūriki, ka tino whakapohehe i tō whakaaro; i roto i ngā tono mahi, pērā i te whakakanapa wai, ko ēnei whakakotahitanga te "hara" e waruwaru ana i te mata o te mea mahi. He wero ā-ao te whakaoti i te whakakotahitanga. Haunga te tāpiri i ngā tāpiringa me te arotau i te tukanga i te wā e kuruhia ana, ko tētahi huarahi kaha ake ko te whakarerekē i te mata o te paura, me te hoatu he "paninga" hei whakaiti i te kaha o te mata, hei ārai hoki i te hiahia tonu ki te "pupuhi ngātahi."
Ko te tuatoru o ngā taika ko te koretake o roto i te "ine".
Me pēhea koe e mōhio ai ko te rahi o te matūriki i whakahaeretia e koe koia tonu te rahi e whakaarohia ana e koe? Ko ngā kaitātari rahi matūriki ō tātou kanohi, engari ko ngā mātāpono ine rerekē (te diffraction laser, te sedimentation, te tātari whakaahua), tae atu ki ngā tikanga marara tauira rerekē i raro i te mātāpono kotahi, ka puta he hua tino rerekē. He pono rawa tēnei mō ngā paura kua whakakotahi kē; ki te kore e tutuki te marara tika i mua i te ine (hei tauira, te tāpiri i ngā dispersants, te maimoatanga ultrasonic), ka tawhiti rawa ngā raraunga i whiwhi mai i te āhuatanga tūturu. Ki te kore he ine pono, he kōrero noa iho te mana whakahaere tika.
Ahakoa ēnei wero, kei te rapu tonu te umanga i ngā otinga. Hei tauira, ko te whakapai ake me te mōhiotanga o te tukanga katoa he ia nui. Mā roto i ngā taputapu aroturuki rahi matūriki ipurangi, ko te urupare raraunga wā-tūturu me te whakatikatika aunoa o ngā tawhā kuru me te whakarōpūtanga ka arahi ki tētahi tukanga pumau ake. Hei tāpiri, kei te piki haere te aro ki te hangarau whakarerekētanga mata, ehara i te "rongoā" i muri i te meka, engari kua whakauruhia ki roto i te tukanga whakarite katoa, e pehi ana i te kohikohinga mai i te pūtake me te whakapai ake i te marara o te paura me tōna hototahi ki te pūnaha tono. III. Te Karanga o ngā Tono: Me pēhea te Rahi o te Matūriki hei "Kohatu a te Tohunga Whakaaro"?
He aha te take e whakapau kaha ai ki te whakahaere i te rahi o te matūriki? Mā te titiro ki ngā mahi whaihua ka mārama. I roto i te mara o te huri me te whakakanapa tika, pērā i te whakakanapa i ngā mata hapaira me ngā papa silicon, ko te tohatoha rahi o te matūriki o te paura silicon carbide matomato he "ora." Me whai tohatoha rahi matūriki tino whaiti me te ōrite, kāore he "matūriki nui rawa" (e kiia ana ko "matūriki whakakoi" "matūriki whakamate" rānei), ki te kore ka taea e te karawarawa hohonu kotahi te whakangaro i te mea mahi utu nui katoa. I taua wā anō, kaua te paura e whai puranga mārō, ki te kore ka iti te whai huatanga o te whakakanapa, ā, kāore e pai te mutunga o te mata. I konei, ka mau tonu te whakahaere rahi matūriki i te nanoscale.
I roto i ngā rauemi ātete matatau, pērā i ngā taonga oumu uku me ngā arai oumu pāmahana-tiketike, ka arotahi te whakahaere rahi matūriki ki te "tohatoha rahi matūriki." Ka konatunatua ngā matūriki taratara me ngā matūriki angiangi ki tētahi ōwehenga; ka hangaia e ngā matūriki taratara te anga, ā, ka whakakīia e ngā matūriki angiangi ngā āputa. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakakorikori matotoru me te kaha i ngā pāmahana teitei, ka hua ake he ātete pai ki te ru wera. Mena he koretake te tohatoha rahi matūriki, ka poro te rauemi, kāore e roa, ka pakarukaru rawa rānei, ka ngawari ki te pakaru. I roto i te mara o ngā uku motuhake, pērā i ngā uku ātete-matā me ngā mowhiti hiri ātete-kakahu, ka pā tika te rahi o te matūriki paura ki te hanganga moroiti me te mahi whakamutunga i muri i te whakakorikori. He nui te mahi whakakorikori o ngā paura tino taratara me ngā paura ōrite, ka taea ai te whakakorikori teitei ake me ngā uku kakano angiangi ake i ngā pāmahana iti ake, ā, ka tino whakapai ake i tō rātou kaha me te pakari. I konei, ko te rahi matūriki te mea ngaro ki te "whakapakari" i te rauemi uku.